پدافند غیرعامل و ارزیابی مناطق شهرداری از نظر آسیب‌پذیری خطر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: کلان شهر تبریز)

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

کیومرث ملکی ¹

محمدرضا پورمحمدی ²

¹ پژوهشگر پسادکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز،

² استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/pg.2025.89091.1302

چکیده

مطابق با قرارگیری کشور بر روی کمربند زلزله و موضوع آسیب‌پذیری و کنترل بحران زلزله و با نگرش به آمار و سوابق ثبت‌شده از تهدیدات محیطی گذشته و معاصر، این حقیقت آشکار می‌شود که مدیریت بحران فعلی در حال حاضر نمی‌تواند به‌تنهایی قادر به مقابله با آثار مخرب بلایا جهت جلوگیری از اثرات ویرانگر بر مراکز حیاتی و حساس و نیروی انسانی باشند، لذا ‌به‌کارگیری اصول و معیارهای پدافند غیرعامل است که می‌تواند به تکمیل زنجیره دفاع شهری کمکی مؤثر و قابل‌توجه نماید. غالباً تحقیقات موجود در رابطه با کاهش خسارات ناشی از زلزله، محور روش‌های ساخت‌وساز ساختمانی جهت افزایش مقاومت بنا در برابر زلزله بوده است. در این پژوهش با تاکید بر پدافندغیرعامل و شناسایی مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌های آسیب‌پذیری و پهنه‌بندی خطر در 4 مولفه طبیعی، کالبدی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی با 48 شاخص، در قالب پرسشنامه، مناطق آسیب‌پذیر ناشی از زلزله به صورت جامع در راستای کاهش خطر را مشخص نموده است. در این پژوهش بررسی و تحلیل­های لازم با اعمال نظر متخصصان حوزه شهرسازی و پدافند غیرعامل و... از طریق توزیع تعداد 30 پرسشنامه و اصلاح لایه‌های گسل و رودخانه و... در محیط GIS Arc و همچنین تبدیل خروجی مدل‌های آراس و تاپسیس مناطق شهرداری کلان شهر تبریز بصورت نقشه GIS   در محیط GIS Arc نمایش داده شده است. طبق نتایج مدل‌های آراس و تاپسیس منطقه 10 شهرداری منطقه بحرانی و منطقه 2 شهرداری دارای کمترین میزان آسیب‌پذیری از زلزله تشخیص داده شد. در ادامه عوامل این افزایش آسیب‌پذیری و راهکارهای برون‌رفت از بحران در سطح مناطق ده‌گانه شهرداری متناسب با اصول پدافند غیرعامل و خروجی مدل‌ها ارائه شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پدافند غیرعامل

زلزله

مناطق شهرداری

مدل آراس

مدل تاپسیس

کلان شهر تبریز

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