نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه مطالعات روسیه، واحد جهان، دانشگاه مطالعات تهران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشجو دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کشف ذخایر گاز، تاثیر قابل ملاحظه ای بر موازنه اقتصادی، ژئوپلیتیکی و سیاسی در منطقه مدیترانه شرقی داشته است. توسعه میادین و انگیزه بازیگران دولتی برای استخراج و صادرات احتمالی باعث شده تا منطقه انرژی در مدیترانه شرقی شکل بگیرد. اگرچه در نظریات کلاسیک منطقه گرایی، تشکیل منطقه با قرابت جغرافیایی و انگیزه امنیتی بازیگران دولتی گره خورده و عوامل اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی به عنوان عناصر وابسته و فرعی در نظر گرفته می شوند اما در این پژوهش تلاش شده تا عامل انرژی را به مثابه عاملی مستقل در شکل گیری منطقه در نظر گرفته شود. این مساله باعث شده تا نقش بازیگران و عوامل دیگری در نظم منطقه ای مدیترانه شرقی مورد تاکید واقع شود. سوال اصلی مقاله آن است که فاکتورها و عوامل دخیل در شکل گیری یک منطقه انرژی کدامند و چه تاثیری روی امنیت و نظم منطقه ای به ویژه در منطقه مدیترانه شرقی داشته اند؟ فرضیه این مقاله آن است اکتشاف انرژی و ظهور منطقه انرژی در مدیترانه شرقی باعث شده تا بازیگران مختلفی از جمله بازار، شرکتها و تنظیم کننده های ملی و بین المللی با فشار روی دولت های منطقه از درگیری ها و منازعات مستقیم ژئوپلیتیک جلوگیری کرده و بسترهای همکاری و به تعبیر بهتر رقابت غیر مستقیم را فراهم آوردند.
کلیدواژهها
- Adamides, C., & Christou, O., (2014). Policy dilemmas of energy securitization in the Eastern Mediterranean. European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) General Conference, Glasgow, UK.
- Amirova, Mammadova, S., (2018). The Southern Gas Corridor and Second Phase of the Caspian Energy Development. In Pipeline Politics and Natural Gas Supply from Azerbaijan to Europe(pp. 121-158). Springer VS, Wiesbaden.
- Balmaceda, M.M., (2018). Differentiation, materiality, and power: Towards a political economy of fossil fuels. Energy Research & Social Science, 39, 130-140.
- Biamouridis, A., & Tsafos, N., (2015). Financing gas projects in the Eastern Mediterranean. German Marshall Fund of the United States.
- Breslin, S., & Higgott, R., (2000). Studying regions: learning from the old, constructing the new. New political economy5(3), 333-352.
- Buzan, B., & Waever, O., (2003). Security complexes: a theory of regional security in Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. (pp.40-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Buzan, B., Wæver, O., Wæver, O., & De Wilde, J., (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Boulder:Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Cabras, S., (2021). American LNG and the EU-Russia Relationship: The End of Moscow’s Energy Weapon? Bruges: Stefano Cabras.
- Ciută, F., (2010). Conceptual notes on energy security: total or banal security?. Security Dialogue, 41(2), 123-144.
- Corry, O., (2010). What is a (global) polity?. Review of International Studies, 36(S1), 157-180.
- Corry, O., (2012). Securitisation and ‘riskification’: Second-order security and the politics of climate change. Millennium, 40(2), 235-258.
- Darbouche, H., El-Katiri, L., & Fattouh, B., (2012). East Mediterranean Gas–what kind of a game-changer?. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
- Dehghani FiroozAbadi, S.J., (2009). Evolution in regionalism theories. Central Eurasian studies, 2(5), 99-116. [ In Persian]
- Demiryol, T., (2020), Natural gas and geopolitics in the Eastern Mediterranean, at: https://tr.boell.org/en/2020/09/07/natural-gas-and-geopolitics-eastern-mediterranean
- Dodds, K. J., & Sidaway, J. D., (1994). Locating critical geopolitics. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12(5), 515-524.
- Dubash, N. K., & Florini, A., (2011). Mapping global energy governance. Global Policy, 2, 6-18.
- Goldthau, A., & Sitter, N., (2020). Power, authority and security: The EU’s Russian gas dilemma. Journal of European integration, 42(1), 111-127.
- Goldthau, A.C., Richert, J., & Stetter, S., (2020). Gas finds, energy governance, and the emergence of the Eastern Mediterranean as a geopolitical region. Review of Policy Research, 1-19.
- Hulbert, M., & Goldthau, A., (2013). Natural gas going global? Potential and pitfalls. The Handbook of Global Energy Policy, 98-112.
- Hurrell, A., (1995). Explaining the resurgence of regionalism in world politics. Review of international Studies, 21(4), 331-358.
- Johnson, C., & VanDeveer, S.D., (2021). Energy Regionalisms in Theory and Practice. Review of Policy Research, 1-20. org/10.1111/ropr.12422
- Judge, A., & Maltby, T., (2017). European Energy Union? Caught between securitisation and ‘riskification’. European journal of international security, 2(2), 179-202.
- Karagianni, M., (2021). Energy: Factor of Stability or Conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean?. Bristol:
- Kirchner, E., & Berk, C., (2010). European energy security co‐operation: Between amity and enmity. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(4), 859-880.
- Korkmaz, D., (2020). Turkey and the EU in an Energy Security Society: The Case of Natural Gas. Switzerland: Springer Nature.
- Mañé-Estrada, A., (2006). European energy security: Towards the creation of the geo-energy space. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3773-3786.
- Mansfield, E.D., & Solingen, E., (2010). Regionalism. Annual review of political science, 13, 145-163.
- Martin, J., (2014). Innovative financing for upstream oil and gas, 21st World Petroleum Congress, 128-130. https://www.world-petroleum.org/events/congresses/243-21st-wpc-moscow
- McDonald, M., (2008). Securitization and the Construction of Security. European journal of international relations, 14(4), 563-587.
- McGowan, F., (2011). The UK and EU energy policy: from awkward partner to active protagonist?. In Toward a Common European Union Energy Policy(pp. 187-213). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
- Moran, D., & Russell, J.A., (Eds.). (2008). Energy security and global politics: The militarization of resource management. London: Routledge.
- Oels, A., (2012). From ‘securitization’of climate change to’climatization ‘of the security field: comparing three theoretical perspectives. In Climate change, human security and violent conflict (pp. 185-205). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Phillips, A., (2013). A dangerous synergy: energy securitization, great power rivalry and strategic stability in the Asian century. The Pacific Review, 26(1), 17-38.
- Ratner, M. (2016). Natural gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean. Congressional Research Service.
- Richert, J., (2015). Is Turkey’s Energy Leadership Over Before it Began. Istanbul: Sabancı University Istanbul Policy Center/Stiftung Mercator Initiative.
- Richert, J., (2019). Luhmann, Latour and global petroleum governance. European Journal of Social Theory, 22(2), 231-249.
- Shama, Nael M., (2019), Gas and conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean, at: https: www.atlanticcouncil.org
- Shirkhani, M.A., & Mohammad Sharifi, M., (2017). Geopolitics of Energy, Russia and Turkish Pipeline Diplomacy. Central Eurasian studies, 10(1), 117-133. [ In Persian]
- Stergiou, A., (2019). Geopolitics and energy security in the eastern Mediterranean: the formation of new’ energy alliances’. In The New GeopoliTics of The eastern Mediterranean, Zenonas Tziarras(ed.)(pp.11-31). Nicosia: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
- Stratakis, A., & Pelagidis, T., (2020). The Importance Of Southeast Mediterranean Natural Gas Reserves To Eu’S Energy Security; A Geopolitical And Economic Approach. Regional Science Inquiry, 12(2), 11-29.
- Stratakis, A., & Pelagidis, T., (2020). The Importance Of Southeast Mediterranean Natural Gas Reserves To Eu’S Energy Security; A Geopolitical And Economic Approach. Regional Science Inquiry, 12(2), 11-29.
- Tekir, G. Russian-Turkish Involvement in the Civil War in Libya. Türkiye Rusya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 190-215.
- Tziarras, Z., (Ed.). (2019). The New Geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean: Trilateral Partnerships and Regional Security. Nicosia: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله