با همکاری انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

قسمت اعظمی از فرایند توسعه ژئوپلیتیک، مرهون نظریه‌هایی بوده است که در دو قرن اخیر توسط دانشمندان جهانی اندیش مطرح‌شده است. نظریه‌های ژئوپلیتیکی با ماهیت پیش‌بینی وقایع نظام آینده جهانی، عموماً با مرکزیت موقعیت‌های جغرافیایی مختلف در عرصه رقابت قدرت جهانی مطرح‌شده‌اند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، با روش جمع‌آوری داده به شکل اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و شیوۀ تحلیل اطلاعات توصیفی – تحلیلی، واکاوی نقش ایالات‌متحده در نظریه‌های ژئوپلیتیک سه دوره کلاسیک، مدرن و پست‌مدرن با رجوع به منابع معتبر بین‌المللی ‌بر اساس دو طیف ازنظریه‌پردازان آمریکایی و غیر آمریکایی می‌باشد. در این مقاله با بررسی 30 نظریه از تئوریسین‌های ژئوپلیتیک استدلال شده است که هر کدام از این اندیشمندان سعی دارند که با توجه به استراتژی و منافع کشور خود، به‌نوعی نقش ایالات‌متحده را در نظم جهانی به‌عنوان تهدید یا فرصت در نظام ژئوپلیتیک جهانی، به دولتمردان کشور خود یا جهانیان بازنمایی کنند؛ بنابراین، از سرآغازنظریه‌پردازی ژئوپلیتیکی در اواخر قرن نوزدهم تا سال 2020، ردپای هژمونیک ایالات‌متحده همواره به چشم می‌خورد.

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