نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه تهران
2 دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی
چکیده
بیش از شش دهه از عمر حاکمیت گفتمان توسعه در جهان گذشته است. در این مدت مفهوم توسعه با تحولات نظری و عملی همراه بوده است. ابتدا رشد اقتصادی محض مورد توجه بود و امکانات طبیعی و محیط‌زیست به عنوان ابزار تسهیل‌گر توسعه تلقی می‌شد. با گذشت زمان صاحبنظران توسعه دریافتند چه بسا، یک واحدسیاسی بتواند به توسعه دست یابد؛ اما به دلیل عدم توجه به جنبه‌های محیط‌زیستی، تداوم توسعه محل تردید جدی قرارگیرد. بدین‌ترتیب، از دهه 1970، رویکردهای زیست محیطی به عنوان نقد دیدگاه رابطه بین محیط زیست و توسعه که در تئوری‌های رشد و مدرنیزاسیون و همچنین رویکردهای نئولیبرالی غالب شده بود، ظهور کردند. با این نگاه بود که توسعه پایدار مبنای عمل قرار گرفت. توسعه‌ای که علاوه بر رشد اقتصادی و توسعه در ابعاد سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، استفاده بهینه از منابع و امکانات طبیعی و همچنین عدالت بین نسلی نیز درآن مورد توجه می‌باشد. با رهیافت فوق، این پژوهش درصدد پاسخگویی به این سوال است که اجرای برنامه‌های توسعه ملی چه تاثیری بر مشکلات محیط‌زیستی در حوضه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه داشته است؟ برای دستیابی به این منظور، از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و جمع آوری دادهها و اطلاعات موجود به شیوه کتابخانهای-اسنادی استفاده شده است. بررسی رابطه دیدگاههای حاکم بر توسعه در ایران و مشکلات محیط‌زیستی دریاچه ارومیه، این پژوهش را به این نتیجه رهنمون ساخت که ناپایداری محیط زیستی دریاچه ارومیه بطور عمده تحت تاثیر برنامه‌های توسعه ملی بوده است.
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