پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی
با همکاری انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران

عربستان سعودی و بکارگیری سیاست کنترل و مهار ایران در بحرین

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حمید درج 1
کاظم نورانی بنام 2

1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی پیام نور مرکز تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/pg.2021.27167.0
چکیده
ایران و عربستان همواره به‌عنوان دو بازیگر رقیب منطقه­ای که به توسعه قلمروی نفوذ خود در خاورمیانه مبادرت می­ورزند، مطرح هستند. در این راستا؛ بحرین یکی از صحنه­های مهم برای تقابل­جویی و زورآزمایی ایران و عربستان در منطقه محسوب می­شود. تحولات جهان عرب پس از سال 2011 میلادی، تأثیرات عمیقی بر نظم و معادلات قدرت در بحرین بر جای گذاشته است. در این رابطه، با توجه به هویت اسلامی- شیعی معترضان در بحرین و تعاملات معنوی بسیار نزدیک آن­ها با ایران، با روی کار آمدن گروه­های شیعی در این کشور، تهران به قدرت و نفوذ فزاینده­ای در صحنه سیاست بحرین دست خواهد یافت. از طرفی، هرگونه تغییر در ساختار حکومتی این امیرنشین تأثیر تعیین­کننده­ای بر ساختار پادشاهی عربستان خواهد گذاشت. ازآنجایی‌که عربستان نقش­آفرینی ایران در معادلات سیاسی بحرین را تهدیدی برای سیاست­های منطقه­ای خود قلمداد می­کند؛ لذا در تلاش برای محدود کردن قلمروی نفوذ ایران در بحرین برآمده است. این پژوهش در پی پاسخ به این سؤال اصلی است که عربستان سعودی برای کنترل و مهار ایران در بحرین دست به چه سیاستی زده است؟ فرضیه پژوهش حاضر این است که عربستان باهدف جلوگیری از تغییرات و پویش­های دموکراسی­خواهانه در بحرین، در تلاش برای جلوگیری از تأثیرات نرم جمهوری اسلامی ایران بر ژئوپلیتیک تشیع در بحرین برآمده است و از این طریق از سرریز شدن تحولات داخلی بحرین به مناطق شرقی خود ممانعت می­ورزد. یافته­های تحقیق نشان می­دهد؛ تغییر رژیم آل­خلیفه، ضمن تأثیر بر سیاست­های انرژی عربستان، مطالبات سیاسی شـیعیان در منـاطق شرقی عربستان را افزایش خواهد داد و آن­هـا را از انـزوای ژئـوپلیتیکی فعلـی رهـایی خواهـد بخشید. این امر ضمن ارتقای جایگاه جمهوری اسلامی و محور مقاومت در منطقه، ایجاد شکاف سیاسی و اجتماعی در درون جامعه عربستان را در پـی خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عربستان
ایران
بحرین
رئالیسم تدافعی
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