Ataalah Abdi; Parastoo Salehpour; Asghar Azizi; Masomeh Rafie
Abstract
The political organization of space has been used as a framework and platform for land administration since long ago by various societies, from primitive societies to empires and today’s modern governments. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of methodology. ...
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The political organization of space has been used as a framework and platform for land administration since long ago by various societies, from primitive societies to empires and today’s modern governments. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of methodology. Data collecting was done through in-depth interviews and focus groups, and data analysis was done through discourse analysis. The study results showed that, firstly, the formation of unrealistic bureaucracy, weakness of budgeting system, weakness of participatory system, homogenization of geographical space, inefficient management system, one-way flow of ruling from top to bottom, weakness of discourse of justification and propaganda, and taking advantage of the in creasing requests for promotion in political compttitions have damaged the political organization of the current space and caused the inefficiency of the national divisions system. And secondly, "type of ruling ideology", "contradiction between the political spatial structure of the country and historical-social realities" and "indecisiveness in the use of an authoritarian and democratic approach" were identified as the ideological indecisiveness of this discourse.
Mahdi Karimi
Abstract
The tension and conflict between political units in various domestic, national, regional and global scales has precedents throughout human life and has always been observed throughout human history. The need to more control and monitor war has led to the development of a concept called just war. Like ...
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The tension and conflict between political units in various domestic, national, regional and global scales has precedents throughout human life and has always been observed throughout human history. The need to more control and monitor war has led to the development of a concept called just war. Like most of the divine religions, the religion of Islam has also dealt with the concept of just war, but the analysis of this issue from the perspective of Islam and especially the Holy Quran has received less attention from researchers. This article deals with the most important examples of just war in Holy Quran. The main research question is "What are the examples of just war in the Holy Quran?". This article discusses that Islam has developed principles for a just war that can be examined in three domains (before, during and after the war) and eighteen conditions and examples of these domains and their conditions can be seen in various verses of the Holy Quran. It is hoped that the discovery, identification and development of these principles can provide a basis for controlling and monitoring violent behaviors and especially warful behaviors of humans.
Reza Saei; zahra pishgahifard; Yashar Zaki
Abstract
Elections are one of the indicators of political development and show the role of people in the government. Election geography is also a subset of political geography that examines the geographical aspects of elections. The present research has considered the results of the 6th to 11th period of the ...
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Elections are one of the indicators of political development and show the role of people in the government. Election geography is also a subset of political geography that examines the geographical aspects of elections. The present research has considered the results of the 6th to 11th period of the Islamic consultative assembly elections in 6 constituencies of Tehran province with the descriptive-analytical method and data gathering based on library and internet methods and using tools such as maps, tables, and diagrams, to examine the performance of the two main political factions of the country as well as the independent representatives in each of the constituencies of this province and determine the influence of these factions in the considered constituencies. The results of the research show that despite the relative superiority of the fundamentalism faction in Tehran province, none of the political factions have had a stable victory and the orientation of the majority of constituencies in this province has been fluid. On the other hand, the research statistics show that the more increase in the participation rate, the more seats have been had by reformers in the Islamic consultative assembly. In this condition, the participation rate has decreased in the next period. Obtained patterns in this article can be used for concentration and party activities in particular aspects and saving unnecessary costs. This article also can be used in academic and research centers.
Moslem Soltani; Mostafa Ghaderi Hajat
Abstract
Accurate and optimal location of all types of facilities and uses has become a necessary and undeniable matter. In the creation and construction of military sites, all factors, both natural and human, should be taken into account in order to prevent unnecessary expenses and waste of manpower, capital ...
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Accurate and optimal location of all types of facilities and uses has become a necessary and undeniable matter. In the creation and construction of military sites, all factors, both natural and human, should be taken into account in order to prevent unnecessary expenses and waste of manpower, capital and time with a long-term planning. It has many achievements in the field of agricultural development, tourism, including the creation of military centers. The current research is to investigate the effective criteria in choosing the location of the military sites of the province in Kabudarahang city, the results of which can be of great help to the extensive and scientific research of other researchers in the military and geopolitical fields; The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical with the combined use of Fuzzy-AHP hierarchical analysis decision-making models in the geographic information system environment and the use of library resources including scientific-research articles in this field and research It is the field of writers. The results obtained after forming pairwise comparisons and calculating the fuzzy and normal weights and obtaining the final weight of the sub-criteria indicate the high influence of the sub-criteria such as topography with a weight of 0.236, the existence of enough land for expansion with a weight of 0.213 and reliance on natural effects with a weight of 0.187 in choosing the most appropriate place for the establishment of military sites, it was studied that it is necessary for the relevant stakeholders to consider the mentioned items in the future planning.
Yahya Mirshekaran; Javad Kiani; Asghar Rezghi
Abstract
Background and purpose: security challenges in border areas have internal or external origins and are formed in military, cultural, economic and political formats. Developments on both sides of the border, especially in areas with common ethnic-cultural obstacles, can spread security-political consequences ...
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Background and purpose: security challenges in border areas have internal or external origins and are formed in military, cultural, economic and political formats. Developments on both sides of the border, especially in areas with common ethnic-cultural obstacles, can spread security-political consequences as quickly as possible. Considering the recent developments, the present research seeks to identify the consequences of the second Karabakh war on the security of the northwestern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methodology: In this research, a qualitative method with an exploratory approach has been used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, whose face and content validity and reliability were confirmed using the coders' consensus process. The statistical population of the research includes commanders and experts familiar with the subject of the research, who have been interviewed with a theoretical saturation of 28 people. Data analysis has been done using the three-level theme analysis technique (basic, organizing and inclusive themes).Findings: The findings of the research through qualitative analysis and examination of the codes of basic and organizing themes, including 5 categories of inclusive political-security, social, cultural, economic, security and law enforcement themes and organizing themes including 12 categories: creation of insecurity, ethnic differences. - Religious, vandalism, influence, economic pressure, border change and geopolitics, disruption in transportation and separatism and 218 basic themes. Conclusion: The results of the above research show that through the examination of the codes of basic, organizing and ultimately inclusive themes, it can be concluded that the security parameters of the Second Karabakh War in all political, social, cultural, economic and security areas of the northern borders It includes the West, which can affect the national security of the country and consequently affect all parts of the country.
Hadi Veicy
Abstract
Self-sufficiency in basic products has always been one of the main goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran system. This policy and strategy has been reflected in Iran's upper laws and documents since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of this research is to analyze the self-sufficiency ...
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Self-sufficiency in basic products has always been one of the main goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran system. This policy and strategy has been reflected in Iran's upper laws and documents since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of this research is to analyze the self-sufficiency policy and its effect on threats to biological resources and water security in Iran. Generally, the self-sufficiency strategy has been made with the aim of strengthening the economy and reducing Iran's vulnerability to external threats. In this regard, the policy of food security, agriculture based on employment creation and development, self-reliance and resistance economy has a lot of overlap with the self-sufficiency strategy. The main question of the research is what effect the self-sufficiency policy has had on Iran's water security. The formulation of the hypothesis of the research states that the policy and strategy of self-sufficiency has become the basis of the threat to Iran's water security, and the continuation of this policy has aggravated environmental risks and can threaten Iran's national security. This research was carried out by descriptive method and content analysis, and the data needed for the research was obtained from the documents and laws of Iran, especially the six five-year development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results of the research show that the self-sufficiency policy has not only failed to achieve its goals, but has become the basis for the threat to Iran's water security, and the continuation of this trend can threaten Iran's national security as well.
Saif GHasem Mohammad Almohsin; Mohsen Janparvar; Hadi Zarghani; Ali Mohammadpour
Abstract
The Middle East is a complex, changing and evolving geopolitical region. A region with outstanding geopolitical and geostrategic potentials and capacities, which has presented numerous and different scenarios to regional and extra-regional actors. The scenes of the game where insecurity and tension are ...
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The Middle East is a complex, changing and evolving geopolitical region. A region with outstanding geopolitical and geostrategic potentials and capacities, which has presented numerous and different scenarios to regional and extra-regional actors. The scenes of the game where insecurity and tension are prominent and relations of influence, dominance and confrontation have priority over other forms. According to these conditions of the region, understanding the basic components that shape geopolitical relations in the region is important and prominent. Based on this, the current research has been carried out with descriptive and analytical methods, with the aim of understanding the basic geopolitical components that shape relations in the Middle East region and designing a pattern of geopolitical relations. The examination of various theories and viewpoints in the first step shows that the most important components affecting the pattern of geopolitical relations in Kharomianeh region include 40 geopolitical components which can be divided into four dimensions of geopolitical components: basic nature, basic human, combined and artificial. In the second step, the components were provided to the thinkers and experts for comment and were confirmed through the T-test. These geopolitical components, directly and indirectly, have been able to shape the pattern of interactive, confrontational, influence, dominance and competition geopolitical relations in the Middle East region, and on the other hand, they have been abused by regional and extra-regional actors to achieve their goals and interests. It has been used in line with tense relations and conflicts in the Middle East region.
Mohammad Eshghi; Farhad Hamze; Shohreh Taj
Abstract
Political participation in the field of urban and rural and presidential elections and experts have defined voluntary activity of community members in choosing leaders and direct and indirect participation in policy making. In most of the definitions of political participation, it is characterized by ...
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Political participation in the field of urban and rural and presidential elections and experts have defined voluntary activity of community members in choosing leaders and direct and indirect participation in policy making. In most of the definitions of political participation, it is characterized by the sovereignty of the people in the elections and intervention in the decision-making and administration of the country's affairs, the conscious and powerful participation of the people in all social institutions, the participation in the urban and rural elections and the presidency and experts as an arm. They are active in the society and as civil institutions, they play an important role among the people and in the development and organization of the country. The formation of urban and rural councils marked one of the important developments in the contemporary history of Iran, because on the one hand, the establishment of councils since the beginning of the revolution has always been one of the important ideals and hopes. and on the other hand, the direct connection of the duties of the councils to the loss of each individual and its effect in organizing the political participation of the people and their involvement in their destiny gives the councils a prominent place in the set of social trends. Urban and rural elections, the presidency and experts from the principle point of view And Nazari has three important capabilities that meet the requirements of the new paradigm of development: the formation of rural institutions is a way to increase social capital in rural areas of the country; city and village elections are the most important mechanism to strengthen participatory democracy in It is considered villages. Elections and participation are a way to empower the people of the villages.
Behzad Karam hajivand; seyyed hadi zarghani; Hadi Azami
Abstract
Identity refers to "who one is" and how a person or human group describes themselves and how they wish to be known. Among the various levels and dimensions of identity, such as local, national, regional, ethnic, linguistic, and religious identity, national identity is the most significant because it ...
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Identity refers to "who one is" and how a person or human group describes themselves and how they wish to be known. Among the various levels and dimensions of identity, such as local, national, regional, ethnic, linguistic, and religious identity, national identity is the most significant because it substantially impacts numerous facets of governance, particularly national security. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and citing credible library sources and field studies, aims to investigate the role and influence of national identity on nations' military strength. The library sources and the field studies were utilized to collect data. Based on theoretical foundations, a questionnaire was created and distributed to subject-matter experts and specialists in the field study. The results of library and field research indicate that national identity plays an important role in strengthening the military power of nations due to its positive effect on a sense of belonging, patriotism, bravery, and mentally and physically strong fighting spirit, self-confidence in the production of modern military technologies, and finally the instilling of a national spirit in the armed forces in order to defend the territorial integrity and national security. Due to the normality of the data, the one-sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. The results supported the researcher's hypotheses, which reported that experts had evaluated the impact of national identity on strengthening various facets of a nation's military power to be very significant.
