Hossein Fattahi Ardakani; Mahmoud Hosseini
Abstract
The war in Ukraine has caused different behavior from Europe. This war shows us new approaches of solidarity, difference, flexibility and participation in the European Union. The present research, which is organized by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question, what was the behavior ...
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The war in Ukraine has caused different behavior from Europe. This war shows us new approaches of solidarity, difference, flexibility and participation in the European Union. The present research, which is organized by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question, what was the behavior model of Europe towards the war in Ukraine? The findings of the research show that the reaction of the European Union in facing this war was passive and defensive rather than active and fluctuated from strategic convergence to passive divergence. This issue is caused by the widening of the divisions within this union and the different positions of the members following the outbreak of this war. As a result, the vacuum of powerful leadership and the creation of a political divide in the face of Russia (political), the failure to create a realistic vision of the future of energy supply and the chain of food sources (economic), the emergence of social divide in the face of the flood of Ukrainian refugees and in At the same time, emphasizing the need for the unity of both sides of the Atlantic (social) and trying to provide the goals of the European Union's defense-security strategic compass (security) is one of the most important patterns of behavior of the European Union regarding the war in Ukraine.
hamed nasrazadani; Hojat Mahkouei; Amir Gandomkar; Alireza Abasi
Abstract
One of the most important challenges for managers is to provide stable water resources in acute conditions such as drought crises, which can affect the quality and quantity of living conditions. Inadequacy in water supply to agriculture on one hand and the weakness of water supply systems in industries ...
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One of the most important challenges for managers is to provide stable water resources in acute conditions such as drought crises, which can affect the quality and quantity of living conditions. Inadequacy in water supply to agriculture on one hand and the weakness of water supply systems in industries and fisheries on the other hand has become one of the challenging factors. Therefore, one of the solutions chosen by managers for water supply is to transfer water from one basin to another. The water transfer plan from Behesht Abad is one of the water transfer plans that has been researched in this article. The purpose of this research is to analyze the challenges of inter-basin water transfer and its role on social and economic security in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. Data collected based on the opinions of a sample size of 70 people who with on t-test, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis of structural equations in spss22 and Smart PLs software. The findings of the research show that the water transfer plan from the source of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari to the destination of Isfahan has not only led to a decrease in water supply for animal husbandry, agriculture and drinking, but has also caused a general displacement of nomadic life due to the severe reduction of water and consequently It has followed large-scale migrations of citizens of this region.
Nahleh Karishi; seyyed hadi zarghani; hadi aazami
Abstract
The political management of space, with the optimal organization approach of the country, is the potential and actual foundation of planning at all levels of land management. One of the common phenomena is the pluralistic ethnic context in most countries, whose political management at the macro level ...
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The political management of space, with the optimal organization approach of the country, is the potential and actual foundation of planning at all levels of land management. One of the common phenomena is the pluralistic ethnic context in most countries, whose political management at the macro level is of great importance. The administration of the regions of a country and the lack of authority that the regions have is one of the important issues of the political management of space. The current research has investigated and explained the internal and external geographical-political factors affecting the political management of space with emphasis on multi-ethnic countries with a descriptive-analytical method. Research information has been collected in a library manner. The findings of the research show that the geographical-political factors affecting the political management of space, especially in multi-ethnic countries, can be divided into two categories, internal factors and external or transnational factors, according to the origin of the effect. Internal factors are natural factors that include the variables of geographical location, topography, water network, unevenness and the shape of the country, as well as human factors that form the variables of population composition, national culture, ruling ideology, political structure, political-social institutions. give Another group of factors are of foreign origin, and among these factors, three variables, the existence of an independent political ideal between the border dwellers of the two countries, the intervention of regional and extra-regional powers, and finally the presence of ethnic groups in the neighboring country play a greater role.
Afshin Karami
Abstract
Efforts to contain epidemics and find a long-term solution through vaccines have collided with a range of political issues related to health systems, politics, human rights, governance, mobility and borders. Therefore, the emergence of epidemics has provided an opportunity for political geography to ...
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Efforts to contain epidemics and find a long-term solution through vaccines have collided with a range of political issues related to health systems, politics, human rights, governance, mobility and borders. Therefore, the emergence of epidemics has provided an opportunity for political geography to follow the geopolitical foundations of health and health systems with a more serious look. Epidemic management is a spatial issue for two reasons: First, disease treatment is always a socio-spatial issue because the authorities either seek to impose quarantine measures or limit disease carriers. Second, the disease is revealed by a set of actors and human and non-human forces that deal with space and place. Therefore, diseases have become part of the geopolitical realm because they reveal the desirability, feasibility, and durability of national, regional, and global governance structures. The concept of quarantine as a type of activity that leads to the division and limitation of geographical space can be one of the most controversial topics in geopolitics. But until now, due to the predominance of the humanist perspective in border studies, it has not been able to attract the attention of researchers in the field of geopolitics. This research is written with the aim of investigating the challenges and geopolitical consequences of border quarantine during epidemics and with a descriptive-analytical method. This study specifically focuses on the corona virus epidemic and the geopolitical and border consequences of quarantine during this epidemic. But at the same time, he is not oblivious to other epidemics and their possible effects and mentions them repeatedly. The results show that the mainstream of border and geopolitical studies should also include insights related to the effects of borders on the distinct challenges that non-human beings may create at the borders.
Morad Kaviani rad; Hamed Rahmani; Mohammad Salighe; Farzaneh Sasanpour
Abstract
Lack of water disrupts the security and development of countries and leads to their instability. During the last few decades, numerous natural and human factors have involved many challenges in the quantity and quality of water and sustainable access to healthy and sufficient resources. The threat to ...
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Lack of water disrupts the security and development of countries and leads to their instability. During the last few decades, numerous natural and human factors have involved many challenges in the quantity and quality of water and sustainable access to healthy and sufficient resources. The threat to the survival of life and habitat has turned water security into one of the security research questions. The current research has a fundamental nature in the form of the Copenhagen school regarding environmental security, with an explanatory-analytical approach, it is devoted to the processing of the concept of water security and its dimensions and angles. The research results showed that water security in national and transnational scales can affect national solidarity, territorial continuity and spatial interaction of political-spatial units. The challenge of water security on a national scale is the creation of insecurity arising from the lack of stable access to water resources for citizens, which disturbs the stability and security of political-spatial units and leads to the challenge of the legitimacy of the political system. Water insecurity on a transnational scale (regional and international) often manifests itself in the form of tension and conflict between countries. Therefore, the wide operation and increasing limitation of water resources has placed this strategic natural phenomenon in the security agenda of many countries.
leila shirali; farzad navidinaya; shiva jalalpoor; feredoun akbarzadah
Abstract
The South Caucasus is one of the most important geopolitical regions that regional powers, including Turkey and Russia, have over the past two decades. This research seeks to explain the conventionality of Turkey and Russia in the South Caucasus from the perspective of critical geopolitics and proposes ...
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The South Caucasus is one of the most important geopolitical regions that regional powers, including Turkey and Russia, have over the past two decades. This research seeks to explain the conventionality of Turkey and Russia in the South Caucasus from the perspective of critical geopolitics and proposes the assumption that the conflict between the two countries in the South Caucasus can be explained by moving away from traditional geopolitics in the form of power, space and identity metaphors. This research has investigated this issue with the descriptive-analytical method and the use of critical geopolitical theory. the results of the research indicate that the mentality of the Russian authorities in the South Caucasus is based on the domination of this region for more than two centuries, the need to remain in Moscow's sphere of influence, and the need to keep the West away from it. The discourse of Turkish authorities in the South Caucasus is based on strategic depth, the connecting route to Europe and Central Asia, and balancing. Based on the metaphor of power, Russia and Türkiye consider the South Caucasus as their geopolitical sphere of influence. In the metaphor of space, Russia, by its presence in the lands of Eurasia, of which the Caucasus is also a part, and Turkey, with Ottomanism and civilizational geopolitics, try to manage the region's space for their own benefit. in the metaphor of Russian identity, he sees this region as the arena of "Russian identity" and the presence of Russians. Activism based on moderate Islamism and secularism is also important for Türkiye.Keywords: critical geopolitics, South Caucasus, conflicting interests, regional powers
