Mohammad taghi Ghezelsofla; Seyed Mostafa Mousavi Asl; Aliakbar Jafari
Abstract
The environment, serving as the habitat for human life, has provided the platform for human development on this terrestrial sphere. However, the natural environment has encountered various challenges due to human activities and their excessive demands. Not many years have passed since environmental issues ...
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The environment, serving as the habitat for human life, has provided the platform for human development on this terrestrial sphere. However, the natural environment has encountered various challenges due to human activities and their excessive demands. Not many years have passed since environmental issues were introduced in the field of security literature, today the significance of threats arising from the environment and their impacts on personal, societal, and national security is undeniable. The emergence of these threats establishes a basis for their dissemination to other parts of the world. In other words, such threats are not confined to a specific location or government. Consequently, Iran is not exempt from this matter; rather, it has consistently grappled with such threats. In fact, environmental degradation in our country has escalated within its geographical boundaries in the past years, reaching crisis levels in some instances. The present article aims at exploring the consequences of environmental threats on societal security, endeavoring to address the fundamental question of the impact of environmental threats on Iran's societal security. In response, the underlying assumption is that environmental threats and their resulting consequences, such as migration issues, appear to pose a risk to Iran's societal security by challenging the identity of individuals and social groups. To investigate topic, a descriptive-analytical approach was employed, utilizing the theoretical framework of societal security and referring to relevant library documents and resources.
Moniri Rogi; Esmaeil Nasiri Hendehkhaleh; fariborz ahmadi
Abstract
Urban space has not only physical dimensions, but also relationships with social and symbolic aspects that . Urban space is a scene in which the role of gender is engraved, compiled and split. The public arena becomes a scene where actors and spectators change their roles in order, and here instead of ...
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Urban space has not only physical dimensions, but also relationships with social and symbolic aspects that . Urban space is a scene in which the role of gender is engraved, compiled and split. The public arena becomes a scene where actors and spectators change their roles in order, and here instead of the concept of urban space on a city scale It conforms to the general perception of the people (including women) of that space. In fact, the success of urban space today is evaluated and evaluated according to measuring the number of women and men users and the diversity of characteristics of people who work in these spaces. Research Method: The present study is a descriptive-analytical type and in order to collect information, qualitative and quantitative research methods (survey and researcher-made questionnaire) have been used in relation to the research topic and objectives, as well as the use of library resources and articles. The results of research findings show that sociability with T = 615, r = 0.167, P <0.05 has an effect on the quality of physical conditions and through it with T = 429, r = 0 / 15, P <0.01 has an indirect effect on women's sense of belonging in order to improve the unisex spaces of District 22. On the other hand, it was found that the variability of sociability with T = 633, r = 0.206, P <0.01 has a direct effect on women's sense of belonging in order to improve the unisex spaces of District 22. The following are suggestions from the research findings.
Mohammad Raoof Heidari Far; Eghbal Pahkideh; Naser Kakavaeisy
Abstract
West Asia is one of the geopolitical regions that has enough resources such as energy resources, special strategic position, ethnic, racial and religious diversity. The geo-economic approaches of the beginning of the 21st century, which came as a new approach in strategic issues and were used for competition ...
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West Asia is one of the geopolitical regions that has enough resources such as energy resources, special strategic position, ethnic, racial and religious diversity. The geo-economic approaches of the beginning of the 21st century, which came as a new approach in strategic issues and were used for competition between powers, turned West Asia into one of the geo-strategic and geo-economic regions, hence it has established a scene for geo-strategic and geo-energy conflicts and competitions. This research has object to analyze the foreign policy of China and Russia during the last two decades in various political, economic, diplomatic fields and its impact on Iran and other West Asian countries. The methodology in this study is descriptive-analytical one. gathering and getting of the primary data of the research has been done by using library methods. The main hypothesis of the research is that Russia and China are trying to gain national interests and increase their influences through a stronger presence in West Asia than in the past, and pay very little attention to the enhancing of Iran's geopolitical weight. The results of the research show that the foreign policy of China and Russia regarding important events in West Asia in the last two decades (especially the JCPOA, the US withdrawal from the JCPOA, the Syrian crisis, etc.) has threatened the national security of our country. The difference in the foreign policy of China and Russia has challenged the national interests of Iran and West Asia; Of course, the shared goal of China and Russia is to dominate natural resources and increase their sphere of influence, which can be called neo-colonialism.
zahra Ahmadipour; Hassan Jafarzadeh
Abstract
A study of local tensions and conflicts between the political-administrative territories shows that these tensions have been on the rise over time and the dimensions, scope and severity have increased. Among the provinces of the country, Fars province is one of the territories that have made the most ...
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A study of local tensions and conflicts between the political-administrative territories shows that these tensions have been on the rise over time and the dimensions, scope and severity have increased. Among the provinces of the country, Fars province is one of the territories that have made the most changes in the field of national divisions in recent decades, and at the same time, tensions and conflicts have expanded to the provincial and inter -provincial levels. The growing trend of local conflicts between political-administrative territories is due to the existence of contexts, contexts, forces, and factors that play an important role in their creation and role. Therefore, in this study, the most important factors and sources of tension and conflict were extracted between the political-administrative territories using a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study included official documents, news sites, news agencies and portals of government and nongovernmental organizations, and the subject -related research that were all studied. At the research area of the study (Fars province), about 44 stressful and conflict issues were analyzed in the form of 25 provincial stress issues and 19 inter -provincial stress issues. The analysis of the findings of the study showed that all the components of the extracted were involved in the creation of tension and conflict between the political-administrative territories of Fars province at both the provincial and inter-provincial levels.
Hadi Sharfi; Fereydon Akbarzadeh; Hossein Karimifard; shiva jalalpoor
Abstract
One of the most important consequences of the Syrian crisis since 2011 is the refugee crisis. Since the beginning of this crisis, more than six million people of this country have been displaced in many countries, including the neighboring countries of Syria and other regions of the world. The main goal ...
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One of the most important consequences of the Syrian crisis since 2011 is the refugee crisis. Since the beginning of this crisis, more than six million people of this country have been displaced in many countries, including the neighboring countries of Syria and other regions of the world. The main goal of this research is to explain the consequences of the Syrian refugee crisis on the host countries and has raised the question of what are the most important security effects of the Syrian refugee crisis on the destination countries in 2011-2023? This research has investigated this issue using the descriptive-analytical method and in the form of security analysis levels. The findings of the research indicate that the Syrian refugees have influenced the security of the destination countries at the political, military, economic, social and environmental levels. The most important effects on the political and military level have been shaping the fields of cooperation between Turkey and Europe, the differences between member and non-member countries of the European Union, the negative attitude of the citizens of the host countries towards refugees and the spread of terrorist ideas. The most important economic effects have been imposing costs, creating a challenge on the domestic economy of the countries and reducing the economic indicators of the destination countries. The most important social effects of refugees on destination countries have been fueling cultural-identity differences. Finally, at the environmental level, The refugees have affected water resources, infrastructure and increased environmental pollution.
Hossein Kashiri; Hamid Reza Shirzad; Garina Keshishiyan Sirki; Hasan Khodaverdi
Abstract
Multilevel governance is an inherently dynamic concept and refers to the violation of fixed assumptions about the essential characteristics of authoritative decision-making by governments. The reference to multi-level governance is a powerful force in evaluating the government's performance in international ...
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Multilevel governance is an inherently dynamic concept and refers to the violation of fixed assumptions about the essential characteristics of authoritative decision-making by governments. The reference to multi-level governance is a powerful force in evaluating the government's performance in international relations, which multi-level governance can help the internationalization of cities through mechanisms. This current forms the basis for the development of urban diplomacy. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the mechanisms resulting from multi-level governance that lead to the development of urban diplomacy. The research method is qualitative and the data was collected through secondary sources. The Web of Science database was used to collect foreign articles and the articles were selected based on the search of 4 keywords and 5 criteria. After removing duplicates, 41 extraneous articles remained. The search for internal articles was conducted in the SID database based on 2 keywords and among 2 specialized groups, and 2 articles were selected. A total of 43 articles were completely studied and analyzed by content analysis method. The results showed that 21 mechanisms resulting from multi-level governance were identified, which lead to the development of urban diplomacy, including the promotion of participatory decision-making in policies, intercity networking and the emergence of transnational networks, the use of social actors in the implementation process. and concluding cross-border cooperation agreements and sisterhood agreements. These mechanisms were divided into three dimensions of governance and macro policies, international networking, and executive and operational areas, each of which includes 11, 5, and 5 mechanisms, respectively. Also, the relationship of the mechanisms of each dimension with urban diplomacy was evaluated.
Bagher Ghalibaf; Mahmood Vasegh; Hadi Ajili; Shahabeddin Shafi
Abstract
Game theory is a well-known theory in political studies, international relations and interdisciplinary research, which is widely used in the analysis of phenomena in different dimensions and at the national, regional and global geographic levels. Although the concept of "competition" plays a key role ...
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Game theory is a well-known theory in political studies, international relations and interdisciplinary research, which is widely used in the analysis of phenomena in different dimensions and at the national, regional and global geographic levels. Although the concept of "competition" plays a key role in the drawing and formation of game theory, in spite of that, the scientific literature of geopolitical knowledge has not benefited from it to investigate the phenomena. For this purpose, the geopolitical explanation of game theory in geopolitical systems and the introduction of this concept to geopolitical analysis and explanation is the topic of the upcoming article. This article tries to answer the question of how to explain the structure and function of game theory in geographical environments with the approach of geopolitical systems. In response to this question and with an explanatory descriptive method based on Saunders' research methodology model, the hypothesis of the article is that "the theory of games in competitions, conflicts, cooperation and convergences and other patterns of geopolitical relations and in complex geopolitical systems with at least one objective geographical source deals with, has the role of modeling and drawing operational solutions, and by receiving data and values from geopolitics, it brings the complex geopolitical system to a new balance and order". The findings of the research show that game theory is the subject of social, political and international relations studies, and in particular, due to the centrality of "power and competition" in this theory, it is considered a topic of discussion in geopolitical science. Since the function of game theory is considered in geopolitical systems, the authors' interpretation of the concept of system is "complex geopolitical system" with the components of complexity theory.
Abolfazl Nazari; Hojat Mahkouii; Amir Gandomkar; Ali Shamsoddini
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the environmental security consequences of the water crisis in the watersheds of western Fars province. The current research seeks to answer the question, what are the consequences of the environmental security of the water crisis in the watersheds of western ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the environmental security consequences of the water crisis in the watersheds of western Fars province. The current research seeks to answer the question, what are the consequences of the environmental security of the water crisis in the watersheds of western Fars province? Therefore, in terms of the applied-developmental goal and in terms of the type of research method, it is quantitative with a descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of this research was 138 experts and elite people in the field of political geography and water resources management in Fars province, and the sample size was 102 people using Morgan's table. The data collected based on the exploratory factor analysis test was analyzed in spss software. The results showed that the most important environmental security consequences of the water crisis in the catchment basins of the west of Fars province were categorized into 4 factors of animal-plant environment, natural environment, climate and human environment respectively, and the most important consequences include (Changing the path of wildlife migrations, loss of plant species, reduction of aquatic breeding in the watershed, loss of animal species), from the animal-plant environmental factor, (water salinity, water source pollution, soil salinization) , drying up of wells and canals), from the natural environment index, (increase in desert areas, increase in temperature, increase in strong and hot winds and regional climate change), from the climate index, and (loss of infrastructure and houses) And the destruction of villages is an indicator of the human environment.
