Political Geography
vasim aziz; seyyed hadi zarghani; ali mohammadpour
Abstract
This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library sources and field studies, seeks to examine and analyze the role of geopolitical factors in Iran-Iraq relations over the past two decades and to prioritize them. The results of factor analysis show that in the cultural dimension, ...
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This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library sources and field studies, seeks to examine and analyze the role of geopolitical factors in Iran-Iraq relations over the past two decades and to prioritize them. The results of factor analysis show that in the cultural dimension, three variables: "the existence of holy shrines in both countries," "the majority of the Shiite population in both Iran and Iraq," and "Arbaeen pilgrimage and common religious movements" have had the greatest impact on improving relations between the two countries. Also, the results of factor analysis in the economic dimension show that the variables "the presence of Iraqi tourists in Iran" and "extensive border communications and interactions and the existence of a long common border between the two countries" have had the greatest impact on improving relations between the two countries, and in contrast, the two variables "disputes between the two countries over maritime borders and the exploitation of shared marine resources in the Persian Gulf" and "hydropolitical disputes between the two countries over the exploitation of border rivers" have had the most significant role in weakening relations between the two countries. Finally, in the political-security dimension, the variables "a sense of common threat against terrorism and religious extremism," "the collapse of the Ba'athist regime and the rise of the political status of Shiites," and "Iran's military and defense assistance to Iraq during the fight against ISIS" have had the greatest impact on improving relations between the two countries in the last two decades, and the two variables "the different approaches of Iraq and Iran towards the United States" and "the historical dispute between the two countries over the Arvand River (Shatt al-Arab)" have had a negative impact on the relations between the two countries.
Political Geography
Bahador Zarei; Mohamad Ali Keyani
Abstract
Its development and dimensions are one of the topics that political geographers have addressed more or less. The center of gravity of development in political geography from the national dimension is the decentralization of the central government and the transfer of its responsibilities to the local ...
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Its development and dimensions are one of the topics that political geographers have addressed more or less. The center of gravity of development in political geography from the national dimension is the decentralization of the central government and the transfer of its responsibilities to the local governments located in the provinces and states and the realization of development by local institutions. In recent years, political geographers have also addressed the international dimension of development and underdevelopment of countries as a result. The purpose of the research is to examine and present the opinions and opinions of political geographers regarding the issue of development and its dimensions. Analytical-descriptive research method and the use of reliable foreign and domestic sources and texts on the issue of development from the perspective of political geographers. The findings of the research show that political geographers more or less one of the topics that they have addressed in their research is national, local and international development, which is influenced by the theories of modernization and dependence in social sciences. Since its development and forms change the territorial, social and economic atmosphere of countries and their internal regions, the necessity of studying it from the point of view of political geography seems inevitable. Today, it is necessary for the central government to leave the realization of development, especially sustainable development, to the local governments and to assume the role of a platform builder, a policy maker, a strategy provider, and an observer in the field of development in the political geography of countries.Key words: political geography, development, modernization and dependency theory, sustainable development
Political Geography
mohammad bagher Mokaramipour; mohammadjavad khoubpour; leila kiani; hamidreza hatami
Abstract
The imposed independence of the Central Asian republics turned these countries from administrative units into national governments with international borders. The transformation of the former Soviet Union made it possible for different types of crises between these republics, which were the result of ...
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The imposed independence of the Central Asian republics turned these countries from administrative units into national governments with international borders. The transformation of the former Soviet Union made it possible for different types of crises between these republics, which were the result of Soviet policies, to come to the fore. While these republics share many common characteristics, including shared history, economies dependent on agriculture and water, and common security threats, they have common challenges in confronting each other. Geographical agency and geographical determinism have affected all other components between these republics, in such a way that security has become the main priority of these countries. Geographical determinism has had an impact on the economy, environment, politics and all aspects of these societies. In such a way that a view based on caution and pessimism has ruled between them. The effect of geographical determinism, especially being confined to land, has placed the relations of these republics with Iran in a special situation, which is an opportunity for both sides. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer the question, what effect does geographical determinism have on the relations between these republics, and what is the position of Iran in this situation? The hypothesis under investigation is that geographical deterrence still makes security the main priority of these countries, and Iran has the ability to get these countries out of geographical deterrence due to its capacities.
Political Geography
Iman Meykameh; Hamid Reza mohammad; Kumars Yazdanpanah Daro
Abstract
The power vacuum in the South Caucasus after the collapse of the Soviet Union has led to the formation of competition between regional and extra-regional powers. The two countries of Iran and Turkey are trying to influence and exploit the countries of this area due to their historical links and having ...
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The power vacuum in the South Caucasus after the collapse of the Soviet Union has led to the formation of competition between regional and extra-regional powers. The two countries of Iran and Turkey are trying to influence and exploit the countries of this area due to their historical links and having common borders, and their vast capacities in the fields of energy, politics, culture and economy. With the formation of the three republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, new opportunities arose for Turkey and Iran to influence and influence this region. Based on the geopolitical realities, the two countries show great sensitivity to this region as a security and economic supplement. The current research is descriptive and analytical, and the research data has been collected in the form of library and documents. The results of the research show that these two regional powers, due to their cultural and ethnic connections with the Caucasus region, consider themselves obliged to play a role in its political, economic and security equations. As a result, the existence of such a point of view has caused the simultaneous presence of these two regional powers in the Caucasus and brought about their confrontation and friction.
Political Geography
kioumars maleki; mohammadreza pourmohammadi
Abstract
The fact is revealed that the current crisis management cannot alone be able to deal with the destructive effects of disasters in order to To prevent destructive effects on vital and sensitive centers and manpower, therefore, it is important to apply the principles and criteria of passive defense, which ...
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The fact is revealed that the current crisis management cannot alone be able to deal with the destructive effects of disasters in order to To prevent destructive effects on vital and sensitive centers and manpower, therefore, it is important to apply the principles and criteria of passive defense, which can help to complete the chain of urban defense effectively and significantly. Most of the existing researches related to the reduction of damages caused by earthquakes have focused on building construction methods to increase the resistance of the building against earthquakes. In this research, with an emphasis on passive defense and identification of components and indicators of vulnerability and risk zoning in 4 natural, physical, social and economic components with 48 indicators, in the form of a questionnaire, the vulnerable areas caused by earthquakes were comprehensively identified in line with Determined to reduce risk. In this article, the necessary investigations and analyzes are carried out by applying the opinions of experts in the field of urban planning and passive defense, etc., through the distribution of 30 questionnaires and the help of GIS software in processing and preparing the output of ARAS and TOPSIS models at the level of the metropolitan areas of the city. Tabriz has been used and finally, according to the results of Aras and TOPSIS models, district 10 of the municipality of the crisis zone and district 2 of the municipality have the lowest level of vulnerability to earthquakes. In the following, the factors of this increase in vulnerability and solutions to overcome the crisis at the level The ten municipal areas were presented according to the principles of passive defense and the output of the models.
Political Geography
Mohammadreza Joufar; Alireza Mehrabi; Hamidreza Mohamadi
Abstract
Saudi Arabia, as a newly established country rooted in a tribal-religious system, is governed as a monarchy. The presence of a semi-traditional and semi-modern society has led to political, cultural, and economic challenges and discontent among its people. Founded in 1932, Saudi Arabia’s short ...
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Saudi Arabia, as a newly established country rooted in a tribal-religious system, is governed as a monarchy. The presence of a semi-traditional and semi-modern society has led to political, cultural, and economic challenges and discontent among its people. Founded in 1932, Saudi Arabia’s short history, along with its ethnic, racial, religious, and ideological diversity, has contributed to internal challenges. These issues arise from the political geography of the Saudi kingdom, and understanding them is key for accurate analysis and future research on the country. In addition to its maritime border with Iran, Saudi Arabia holds significant ideological influence in the Islamic world. The presence of the two holy cities, Mecca and Medina, the influx of Iranian pilgrims, and its rivalry with the Islamic Republic of Iran for leadership in the Muslim world further enhance its importance. This study aims to explore and explain the internal dynamics and political geography of Saudi Arabia, focusing on the country's internal divisions. The research is practical, employing a qualitative, analytical-explanatory approach. Data were collected through documentary and library research, as well as interviews. The central question this research addresses is: "What are the political-geographical divisions in Saudi Arabia?" The study concludes that Saudi Arabia faces religious, ethnic-tribal, economic, and political divisions. If these divisions are not properly managed, the kingdom could face internal tensions between Shiites and Sunnis, elites, tribes, traditionalists, reformists, and the younger generation. These divisions have the potential to threaten the stability and survival of the Al Saud regime.
Political Geography
hamid dorj
Abstract
Iran and Turkey have special sensitivities to this region due to the multidimensional importance of the South Caucasus. Iran considers this region as an arena for the development of its power and influence, and on the other hand, Turkey sees it as a bridge for mapping and promoting its position in Eurasia. ...
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Iran and Turkey have special sensitivities to this region due to the multidimensional importance of the South Caucasus. Iran considers this region as an arena for the development of its power and influence, and on the other hand, Turkey sees it as a bridge for mapping and promoting its position in Eurasia. The research question is, considering the position of the South Caucasus in the foreign policy of Iran and Turkey, what policy do these two countries pursue in this region? The research hypothesis is that due to the power vacuum created in the post-Cold War era, the South Caucasus has presented opportunities for Iran and Turkey to advance in this regard; The two countries are seeking to achieve goals such as exploiting the region's economic and energy potential, establishing regional peace and stability, and expanding cooperation. In the meantime, Ankara is pursuing a policy of containment of Iran by establishing close relations with regional and trans-regional actors such as Azerbaijan, Israel and the United States; Tehran, meanwhile, has sought to reduce Ankara's influence in the South Caucasus and its isolation in the South Caucasus by creating the Tehran-Moscow-Yerevan axis. Qualitative analysis method was used to analyze the data.
Political Geography
hadi veicy
Abstract
The knowledge of geopolitics, which is a branch of the science of geography, has become one of the most attractive and influential scientific fields in the international arena today. Geopolitical knowledge has experienced many ups and downs in its evolution. Although the subject history of this knowledge ...
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The knowledge of geopolitics, which is a branch of the science of geography, has become one of the most attractive and influential scientific fields in the international arena today. Geopolitical knowledge has experienced many ups and downs in its evolution. Although the subject history of this knowledge dates back to the late 19th century and early 20th century, it was accused of warmongering due to the shaping of world politics and power relations in the first half of the 20th century that led to World War II. It almost left the scientific and academic scene for more than two decades. At when geopolitics was not given much attention and credit in the world, an extended article by Mirhasan Atefi titled Geopolitics in the journal of historical reviews in Persian language in 1966 contains scientific and outstanding points that have not been noticed until now. The present article introduces and reviews this article and has come to the conclusion that the content of the geopolitics article is comprehensive and has a suitable scientific quality level and it is beneficial to re-read it today.
