The political management of space, with the optimal organization approach of the country, is the potential and actual foundation of planning at all levels of land management. One of the common phenomena is the pluralistic ethnic context in most countries, whose political management at the macro level is of great importance. The administration of the regions of a country and the lack of authority that the regions have is one of the important issues of the political management of space. The current research has investigated and explained the internal and external geographical-political factors affecting the political management of space with emphasis on multi-ethnic countries with a descriptive-analytical method. Research information has been collected in a library manner. The findings of the research show that the geographical-political factors affecting the political management of space, especially in multi-ethnic countries, can be divided into two categories, internal factors and external or transnational factors, according to the origin of the effect. Internal factors are natural factors that include the variables of geographical location, topography, water network, unevenness and the shape of the country, as well as human factors that form the variables of population composition, national culture, ruling ideology, political structure, political-social institutions. give Another group of factors are of foreign origin, and among these factors, three variables, the existence of an independent political ideal between the border dwellers of the two countries, the intervention of regional and extra-regional powers, and finally the presence of ethnic groups in the neighboring country play a greater role.