Document Type : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
Authors
University of Maragheh
Abstract
1. Introduction
In the current situation Urban management is the focus of the plan is realistic that Iranian Political geography plays an important role in its formation The same principle Urban management in Iran is not defined not by the goal-oriented, but on the issue of extremism In this connection , The current situation in Iran Cities have been experiencing problems due to social performance - especially in large-scale economic Which if not taken measures aimed to overcome them It will become a systemic crisis of socio-economic space iren Now According to what was discussed, And by taking the urban management deemed to be, Political and economic environment of the nature of the visual embodiment of Land Manage mentIn principle, such as land management system, focusing mostly on Iran, especially in the modern era and at the same time Complex nation-states And of course, this system has created complex challenges and constraints i And is unable administrative approach them n how to manage cities in Iran At the moment This issue has been faced with the problem of content In this study, the question is: Due to the nature of the political system of administrative centralization in Iran At the moment Management system in Iran is facing?
2. Theoretical
In a centralized system, decisions taken in the context of the entire work of the political-administrative unit and runs through the center of the political center located in the capital - this case is concentrated in the central institutions, the power of authority decisions taken office, several factors cause the government to focus on including illiteracy, Mental retardation, people are not familiar with social rights and duties and the stationing of a repressive government. Alexis de Tocqueville believes there are two types of centralized system that includes the "concentration rule" and "administrative focus." Decentralize the manner in which national affairs are conducted by central agencies and local affairs by local organizations These organizations are at different points outside the central organization of local organizations pales in comparison with national organizations and central These constraints include organizational aspects, technical expertise and geographical factors that are necessary in decentralization include: the level of economic development, size of the country and the third negative aspects: an internal crisis caused by local tensions With central government
Urban Management In 1976, along with concepts such as Healthy City project, was sustainable urban development as urban management program This means that the introduction of the concept of centralized management to decentralized management moves Urban management in the sense that a livable environment for all with social justice, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability Urban management to all institutions, organizations and individuals said to be the official and non-official municipal legislative process Urban management is not just the mayor and council in this area is any element that is effective in the process of urban management The difference between theory and practice is not content to be just a theoretical But also reflects two entirely different issues City planners and managers encounter with them A system issues such as land use, neighborhood and other issues That is relevant to planners In his view, these issues are more fundamental and more important issues Which are considered as issues of content planning As long as these issues are not solved somehow Even the purest theory content will be scored (Burke Poor, 1381: 84). The challenges of content: uncontrolled growth of cities, irregularity in land useNon-implementation of welfare programs and development issues in municipalities throughout the country and the emergence of worn out tissues, , Made a face of the city and the emergence of old ones And the expansion of the neighborhoods that have been formed without Samankh without expertise, (Rajab Pour cheshmeh Gaz, 93: 3) And the expansion of the neighborhoods that have been formed without Samankh without expertise, (Rajab Pour Springs Gaz, 93: 3) Problems such as informal settlements, the expansion of the informal sector, inadequate urban services, Also in this category are located. Municipalities are classified from the perspective of the issues and problems
Procedural challenges: Refer to the method, manner and processes affecting the management of urban form And include comparisons or political-spatial segregation, how to adapt the functional and organizational scope These are problems that are related to the planning and management of the city, although the problems are intangible and invisible But they are more important and more fundamental issues of content and clear city, because they are causing or exacerbating substantive issues. Cities institutional weakness, isolation and segregation of the various parts of the city and lack of motivation and initiative in bringing about fundamental transformations in the city Resistance to change and improper relationship between local government and urban management, Among these challenges are Any radical change in the city And reducing its thematic issues Is subject to major reforms in approaches to planning and urban management system (Brk Por, 1381: 84).
3. Research Methodology
The main method used in this research is descriptive analysis with respect to its theoretical nature, And this paper is studied. Data were collected using library
4. Results and discussion
In today's world Each state uses In the finance department, Regional and Local Of a type of system and management model One of them is a centralized management model This model is common in most Third World countries. Has been affected. Western capitalism and the state system of pseudo-modernism In this regard, Iran also is an office within the centralized model because of changes in the past century The model has created a profound impact politically - administrative planning in the areas of economic, social, cultural, and urban in Iran In between Urban management and urban planning models are not affected and influenced deeply, from the System Urban management is one of the new concepts in the field of urban planning At the same time arises, with titles like the popular integrated partnership Refers to all institutions and organizations to formally and informally in the planning process and management of the city legislature And its purpose is to create healthy and livable environment for all with social justice Nature was the definition of urban management The company all governmental and nongovernmental organizations and people in the process of urban planning And exposure the definition in the context of centralized management And apply to downstream systems Without people interfere in the affairs In other words, planning takes place from top to bottom That is, without recognizing the ability of local resources, Without people interfere in the affairs In other words, planning takes place, from top to bottom That is, without recognizing the ability of local resources Naturally, there will be many problems. In the field of urban management in terms of management procedures (procedural problems) and in terms of the problems in the city (content problems) So planning and management is structurally lacking in social fields - political And development locations in action Is a tool in the hands of the government and focused on national dimensions, material and construction In this structure, Instead of development planning and management is the main obstacle to development so Efforts should be made Has done the right conditions for full participation to decentralization Necessary to meet these demands, the challenge Is a change in attitude as to strengthen local governance in urban management structure And public participation and integrated management Change the structure of a power-sharing system from top to bottom and from bottom to top To find any level. Development and planned individually according to their talents and limitations What takes place in the affairs of the attention and emphasis Nowadays And is presented as a paradigm in the management of cities Taking advantage of good urban governance where in Government, citizens and private entities ،They engage in a process of horizontal and multi- sectoral
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