majid dehghanian; zahra Ahmadipour; Reza Shahgholiyan Qahfarkhi
Abstract
Cities are complex spatial-geographical phenomena that need to be studied and providing security as one of the most basic human needs of urban societies is considered. Security and threat studies have been developed and changed simultaneously with the transformation of societies and the concepts of security, ...
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Cities are complex spatial-geographical phenomena that need to be studied and providing security as one of the most basic human needs of urban societies is considered. Security and threat studies have been developed and changed simultaneously with the transformation of societies and the concepts of security, power and threat. It seems necessary to identify the threats of the urban area, especially with the expansion of the use of new tools and technologies because new threats are also associated with them. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of technology- based threats to the security of Tehran city. The approach of this research is mixed, and the data collection method is library and documentary. The results of the analysis of questionnaires by SPSS software led to the prioritization of technology-based components in urban security. The findings of this research show that emerging threats are based on technology, and some of them include Internet of Things, artificial intelligence (weapons), e-commerce threats (electronic skimming, ransom ware, and malicious bots), bioterrorism, and cyber threats. (Crypto-currencies) and micro air vehicle, the share of artificial intelligence (weapons based on artificial intelligence) has the largest share. Also, the mentioned components will have the greatest impact on economic security.
Nasser Rajabnejad; Mohammad Akhbari; Ali Bijani
Abstract
Zionist organizations established settlements in the West Bank with the view of defending and ensuring the security of the Israeli regime. Over the past half-century, Zionist mafia powers have expanded the geography of settlements in the West Bank along their own interests with economic rents from influential ...
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Zionist organizations established settlements in the West Bank with the view of defending and ensuring the security of the Israeli regime. Over the past half-century, Zionist mafia powers have expanded the geography of settlements in the West Bank along their own interests with economic rents from influential individuals and the Israeli Hebrew cabinet. As they became stronger, they intervened directly in the elections, passing laws, setting budgets and credits, and electing the prime minister and the cabinet of the Israeli regime. Continuation of this process led to the substantive inefficiency of democracy in Israel. On the other hand, during the last two decades, the nature of the settlements has become a security problem for this regime, so that the society in Israel has to pay for the security of the settlers materially and spiritually. So the question is what are the security implications of settlements in the West Bank? And how is it formulated? It can be said in response that the initial goals of establishing settlements have changed over the past 20 years, negatively affecting the Israeli regime and weakening the national security of this regime in various dimensions. This research is applied in nature and based on the descriptive-analytical method, data collecting and reviewing documents and Internet resources.
Nejat Mohammadifar; Ali Moradi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural components of the border residents and its role in sustainable security of Kermanshah border areas. According to the hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between the cultural components of the border residents and the sustainable security ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural components of the border residents and its role in sustainable security of Kermanshah border areas. According to the hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between the cultural components of the border residents and the sustainable security of the border areas. The present study was conducted by the method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts and specialists aware of the research topic. Snow ball method is the sampling method in the qualitative section, which reached a theoretical consensus with 30 elites and experts. A small part of the statistical population is included citizens of the border areas of Kermanshah province. According to initial estimates, the number of these people was 540. Semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires are used to collect data. The coding analysis method was used to identify and prioritize the cultural components and sustainable border security. Also, SPSS software was used in the quantitative part of the study. The results show that sustainable border security from the respondents' point of view has 19 semantic parts in six common categories, included "economic security", "social security", "political security", "environmental security", "military security" and "cultural security". On the other hand, the cultural dimensions of the border residents were the six dimensions of "participation and cooperation", "cultural cohesion", "two-way interaction", "insight and awareness", "ideology" and "chivalry". Correlation matrices between cultural categories and sustainable border security show that there is a significant and direct relationship between each of the components of this matrix. It can be said that the two categories of the core of sustainable border security and the six cultural components of border residents are interrelated; if a two-way interaction takes place between these components, social order will be formed in the borders and the border residents will witness a kind of sustainable security.
vahid kiani; Mohsen Taheri
Abstract
Creation Level of security around the country is the main objectives of the development agenda in Iran. Security is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by numerous factors and different areas. Among these factors are the economic factors. This article seeks to identify the economic factors ...
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Creation Level of security around the country is the main objectives of the development agenda in Iran. Security is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by numerous factors and different areas. Among these factors are the economic factors. This article seeks to identify the economic factors affecting the security of the southeast of Iran, especially Sistan and Baluchistan province. It seems that it is possible to increase the level of security and prevent the occurrence of much insecurity, by increasing the level of economic development and solving the economic and development problems in this region. The required data are gathered based on library studies, documents and other related sources and research, using a qualitative method based on a descriptive-analytical approach. Then the capacity and capabilities of development as well as the factors leading to economic non development and security reduction has been analyzed. The findings of the research indicate that the distance of Sistan and Baluchistan province from the active economic centers of the country, the weak role of the province in the national economy and the low rate of net production in the province, the neighborhood with the golden crescent of drugs has increased poverty and unemployment in the province and caused the tendency of people and young people towards the hidden and underground economic activities, so that corruption increase and the level of security decrease. On the other hand, the activation of commercial capacities in the province (Chabahar port and trade routes) as the only potential economic axis of the province does not have favorable productivity conditions. Therefore, due to the weakness of economic production and commercial activity, the activities of drug trafficking, human trafficking, energy trafficking, goods smuggling, etc. have grown significantly and some people prefer illegal and short ways of earning money. The mentioned cases have caused the deprivation of security, especially at the economic level.
Samaneh Shafizadeh; Mohamad Javad Ranjkesh
Abstract
The phenomenon of climate change or climate change is one of the important issues of international organizations and its member countries. Attention to this phenomenon has been on the serious agenda of the United Nations for the last two decades. In a new approach to security studies, critical school ...
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The phenomenon of climate change or climate change is one of the important issues of international organizations and its member countries. Attention to this phenomenon has been on the serious agenda of the United Nations for the last two decades. In a new approach to security studies, critical school theorists seek to create new meaning for security issues.In this context, the absence of war and military confrontations between countries does not in itself provide international peace and security, and new forms of security threats such as economic, cultural, environmental, etc. have been created.Environmental security has now replaced the threat of nuclear war. Given the importance of the phenomenon of climate change as one of the important dimensions and security concerns in the field of international relations, the question that arises in this paper is why and how the phenomenon of climate change and Has airspace become a security issue at the United Nations? The main hypothesis of the authors is that the phenomenon of climate change with the increase of human security threats, which is beyond the traditional dimensions of security (military, nuclear) has become a new form of cooperation and conflict between countries in the United Nations. Library data collection addresses the effects of climate change on various aspects of UN security and action in this area.
mostafa istgaldi; Mohammad Ghanbari; Reza Pouya; Mojtaba Rousta
Abstract
Today's, Meta-analysis has a prominent place in fields of study. The use of the results of various research findings for planning of a part of society or the whole of it is one of the most important factors that have made this type of study important. The issue of security is one of the important issues ...
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Today's, Meta-analysis has a prominent place in fields of study. The use of the results of various research findings for planning of a part of society or the whole of it is one of the most important factors that have made this type of study important. The issue of security is one of the important issues in our society, especially in boundary cities, that has received a great deal of research. In this regard, the preliminary investigation of order and security of boundary cities, reveals that researches conducted in the applied Research Office of Sistan and Baluchestan Disciplinary Command are very dispersed. The importance of this topic and the scattered researches in this area led the researcher to provide a regular formulation of these studies and to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research in this field. Therefore, this study intends to provide the diagnostic study of the scientific status of the researches in the field of order and security of the boundary cities in applied Research Office of Sistan and Baluchestan Disciplinary Command and summarize and analyze the nature and quality of them in the 2008-2018. This meta-analytic study has been conducted to meet the needs using qualitative and quantitative methods. In this research, the observation and analysis unit of the research is any research document (research project, thesis, book and conference articles). The statistical unit of the study is consisted of 73 cases including 18 research projects, 8 theses, 5 books and 42 conference papers conducted in applied Research Office of Sistan and Baluchestan Disciplinary Command 2008-2018. CMA-2 and SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data. The results show that the most important challenge in this area is the most researches on "security" have been studied in general, without attempting to study the conceptual and theoretical implications of the various types of security. In addition, almost all of the meta-analysis research was based on quantitative research methods (especially survey).
Mojtaba Attarzadeh
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Many tensions and conflicts over water resources have been recorded so far in the last century. For example, some studies have shown that over the past fifty years, more than 37 water tensions have taken place between different countries, resulting in military conflicts, ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
Many tensions and conflicts over water resources have been recorded so far in the last century. For example, some studies have shown that over the past fifty years, more than 37 water tensions have taken place between different countries, resulting in military conflicts, of which more than 30 ones are pertaining to the Zionist conflicts over resources. Most of these conflicts took place between the Zionist regime and the Syria and Jordan in the 1950s and 1960s on the flow of water from the Jordan and Yarmouk rivers (Doleyatyr, 1995). These tensions have shown that due to the lack of water resources in the geopolitics of Israel, water supply a priority policies of the regime have been and, consequently, control over water resources in the Jordan River and all aquifers key as a minimum of its security and even if it withdraws from the occupied lands, it is thinking of controlling the water resources of the area, and in fact, without solving water problems, security measures would be impossible. This means that Israel will do everything to preserve its water resources, which is actually the source of its life. On this basis, Middle East experts believe that if a war between Arabs and Israel occurs in the next decade, most likely, it will be a war over water resources that threatens the security of the area.
Review of Literature
Mosallaynejad (2008) believes that the identification of any security processor would be based on the threat sign. If troops or threatening elements change, new conditions are created to counteract the threat. The first sign of environmental security threats can be seen in the limits of resource use. Currently, cannot be found any record for global changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere, genetic diversity of species inhabiting the earth, and the cycle of vital chemicals in the oceans, the atmosphere, the biosphere are taking place, both in terms of size and track. Critical school theorists are therefore questioning if security has different priorities, so where is the health and survival of human society located.
Mamouri and Kazemi (2011) state that the life of Israel depends on the water resources of the border regions, including the Lake Tiberia, the Jordan River, Yarmouk and Baniyas, and the occupied territories of the West Bank and south Lebanon. The Zionist regime is currently unable to survive without having the waters. They believe due to the issue of Lake Tabaria and water, it is impossible for Israel to return the Golan Heights, which was approved by the Knesset (the Israeli Parliament), to Syria, because of the supplies of Lake Tabaria water that is vital to Israel,is located in the highlands and around Jabal al-Sheikh .
Method
The method of data gathering in this research, which is a fundamental one, is also a library and the method of inferential analysis. The purpose of investigation is the representation of realism in Israeli water security policy, which, despite widespread changes in policy, has been forced to pursue this policy due to water resources constraints in the regime's territories. In order to analyze this issue, the importance and status of water in international relations and policy are first discussed. And after proving the pivotal role of water in the political geography of the Middle East, Israeli policies on water will be analyzed based on a realistic approach to its decision-making. According to security theories, especially the neo-realists' theories, since the Zionist regime sees its stability and survival in terms of water resources at serious threat, it seeks to compensate in any possible way, although the effort would end the losses of its Arab neighbors.
Using an analytical-descriptive method with the assumption of water as one of the main elements of the national security of the Zionist regime, this paper seeks to utilize the major theories in the field of security, including the neo-realism school, the central role of water as an environmental determinant factor in the security structure of the regime is examined.
Results and Discussion
Realists believe that security is a threat to the survival or national interests of the state, and that it will lead to war, the collapse of the anarchic order and the balance of power. Therefore, water is considered as a source of power, and dehydration is considered a very serious and strategic issue that affects the economic and social development of nations and, as a result, determines political power. This group of experts from the state-focused security discourse perspective looks at the issue and believes that governments in deep trouble in terms of water may fight for water (Boozan, 2002)
The issue of wealth is one of the issues raised by Israel in the context of maintaining Israel's security for Zionist authorities. The Zionist regime is devoid of strategic depth due to its specific geographic location and vulnerability and has a severe vulnerability to security threats. Considering the occupied territories of Palestine as the geographical and political borders of Israel, this regime is also facing a severe shortage or even lack of "strategic depth" due to its severe geographical and geographical constraints. This increases the vulnerability of the regime that has a military and security structure and, beyond all kinds of military and security threats, also faces a shortage of water resources.
The occupiers believe that the regime's security will be secured only if it controls the surface and underground water resources of the West Bank, the Golan Heights and southern Lebanon, and if not, its security is not guaranteed and it is under threat. The occupiers will only ensure their regime's security, which will have control over the surface and underground water of the West Bank, the Golan Heights and southern Lebanon, and if this does not happen, its security has been threatened. Water security is one of the most important types of security in our time, and the Zionist movement, even before the formation of "Israel" and the signing of the Sykes Pico Agreement on the division of the region, took into account all the ways to extend the boundaries under the British mandate to include all surface and underground water resources in Palestine, southern Lebanon and the Syrian border.
Conclusion
Israel considers water not an economic resource, but as a political, military and security issue. The country has benefited from various methods of acquiring water resources in the region, such as coercion, threat, theft, and so on. The Zionist regime has, in many cases, also tried to leverage pressure and threats to achieve its goals in this regard. This strategy has been influential in Arab countries, so that some Arabic countries are granted special concessions to Israel. Relying on the power of the Zionist regime and the use of force, either explicitly, or by the threat of war, Israel has managed to raise in the region's water equations. So that the legitimacy of any contract in the region as long as Israel knows that contribution, should the contracts be considered, otherwise the parties in the implementation of the project will be in difficult. As the emphasis is on the military element, the element of coercion, has never been able to resolve the water problem of the Zionist regime.
aliasghar pilehvar; Reza Rezaei khaboshan
Abstract
Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Security is the most important factor for improving of a city and it’s the initial needs of human. Security and developing are mutual relationship that derived from planning and city management. Insecurity feeling in the urban area, the activities of human have been ...
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Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Security is the most important factor for improving of a city and it’s the initial needs of human. Security and developing are mutual relationship that derived from planning and city management. Insecurity feeling in the urban area, the activities of human have been eclipsed and economic, cultural, social acts couldn’t be done easily .however security is necessary for developing of city ,where the symbol of a country is developing of urbanization and urban renewal . It’s important to security factor in the process of planning and design. In the process of planning for developing of urban renewal of Iran, the important part is security is ignored that impact to exist an insecurity city and decrease attraction of population.
2. Theoretical framework
Security is a need and right; also its abstract and approximate, because it’s derived from the faith, religious, ethical and cultural believes of people of a society .because of significant of security, urban security means that must be comfortable, liberty, release, safety and ready for in front of danger, threat, attack, damage, anxiety, fear, of them. It’s important to provide security for cities as bed of basement to provide social relationship and public services that make healthy and stable city for all of the urban theorizations. As they believed security cities have these characters:
The result of good commanding
It has powerful correlation to developing. Its start of stimulating of social and economic growth for cities.
It has Concentration to reinforcement and security of unorganized city and social Correlation.
3. Methodology
This article is a descriptive-analysis method with help of GIS technique and analysis circuit of AHP are the factors which threat security of Town of Pardis (Iran), so they were analyzed ,and the urban security are based on some threatening factors as social, economy, managing ,environmental and cultural which are analyzed and surveyed.
4. Discussion
Finding of this research of recognizing and extraction commonly are for humanity and natural threatening of urban security and particularly are for Town of Pardis which are following : emigrate of city, unemployed ,unrefuted places ,insecurity passerby system, unsuitable light ,danger of earthquake and flood, air attack, environmental pollution, criminal place , high rate of rubbery, lack of facilities for activity in city. Finally because of GIS technique and AHP model are given some grades to be initial. These initially are estimated and numerical then have showed on the conditional map.to put over the map with each other is earned four risking dimension. In the whole sum of the areas 1 is highly exposed on danger, 2 is almost on danger, 3 and 4 are a bit of danger.
5. Conclusion & suggestion
The best security of renewal city of Pardis is because of recognizing the factors that threat security and safety in natural dimension and human as earthquake and flood, air attack, environmental pollution, the transmission line of energy, air attack and other threatening factors are for security of city and urban.
Its suggested that urban security has done with renewal basement and preventing of construction. However it’s necessary of security of organization as army office or public Basij are suitable for it.
