ehsan lashgari
Abstract
In geographic sciences, one of the most important schools of methodology is the school of positivism. Political geographers affected by the positivism school believed that the interactions between politics and space will lead particular spatial form and processes which can be studied only within the ...
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In geographic sciences, one of the most important schools of methodology is the school of positivism. Political geographers affected by the positivism school believed that the interactions between politics and space will lead particular spatial form and processes which can be studied only within the framework of this school. One of the consequences of applying positivism is to create the potential for classifying and enclosing space and constructing a geographic scale based on the performance of government / country. This research has been struggled to introduce a new category of how to understand the relationship between politics and geographic space in the positivism methodology within framework of scale.This research has fundamental approaches in the philosophy of geography and for compilation of information has been referred to valid document and bibliography. Findings research reveals that the elements of geographical space have a systematic and systematic nature in the positivist but two national and sub-national scale have different content with transnational scale. In other words, in the context of positivism, the study of the political dimension of the geographical space is different in two national and transnational political scales. In a national scale, recognizing the relationship between politics and space within the borders of a country includes national and sub-national scales. But in the transnational scale, relationship between sovereignty and space is the result of a kind of territorialism that exists between countries and builds geopolitical concepts and ideas. Moreover, since politic, both national and sub-national and transnational, contain elements and components that have little quantitative capability, consequently, researchers should be paid more attention to positivism. Therefore, applied geopolitical studies have been more widely considered in the positivism methodology. Because the explanation in the methodological dimension takes on operational dimensions when propositions are referred to the objective world.
Fahimeh Moravejirad; Hadi Azami; Seyed Hadi Zarghani
Abstract
Political management of space is a process that is done consciously and gives a special order to the political structure of a country. Political management of space in order to organize the territorial territory and effectively use material and spiritual forces to achieve predetermined goals. The research ...
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Political management of space is a process that is done consciously and gives a special order to the political structure of a country. Political management of space in order to organize the territorial territory and effectively use material and spiritual forces to achieve predetermined goals. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection has been done in two types: documentary and field. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data in this study. The results in the "environmental" dimension showed that the highest average level to the index of "water resources control" with the amount of "3.58", in the "managerial" dimension to the index of "active state of border markets" with the amount of "3.91", in the dimension "Economic" to the index "Development of tourist attractions" with the rate of "3.54", in the dimension of "smuggling control" to the index of "control of fuel smuggling in border areas" with the rate of "3.01", in the dimension of "public participation" to the index of "absorption" Public participation in the identification of "border smugglers" with a rate of "3.54"; In the "social" dimension to the index "control of poverty among residents of border areas" with a value of "3.83", in the dimension of "political and military factors" to the index of "control of illegal movement" with a value of "3.54", in the dimension of "infrastructure" The results of the index "Establishment of power transmission line infrastructure to residents in border areas" with a value of "3.52" and the dimension of "security" showed that the highest average level belonged to the index of "rate of control of military conflicts" with a value of "3.98". Has found.
Abdalsaheb Naderi; reza tajfar
Abstract
Energy, as one of the most important factors of production and also as one of the most essential final products, has significant economic effects. Iran, with its huge energy potential, is the second largest producer of energy in the world, while Iran has faced many economic problems, especially in recent ...
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Energy, as one of the most important factors of production and also as one of the most essential final products, has significant economic effects. Iran, with its huge energy potential, is the second largest producer of energy in the world, while Iran has faced many economic problems, especially in recent decades. Ilam province, which has the highest fossil energy reserves in the country, is always considered as a deprived province with no human development. In this regard, one of the ways out of Ilam province from economic crises and lack of development is the management and use of fossil fuels in the cities of the province. In this regard, the present study uses descriptive-analytical and applied methods to analyze the effectiveness of using fossil energy in the development of cities in Ilam province using the topsis model, to evaluate the effects of using fossil energy in the development of cities in Ilam province. The results showed that in this field Malekshahi city with 16.17%, Dehloran city with 12.74%, Sirvan city with 11.03% and Ilam and Ivan cities with 10.80% each are among the cities and the results of SWOT table showed that the strategy The position of fossil energy in the development of Ilam cities is in a slightly competitive situation.
Hosein Yaghobi; Mahnaz Goodarzi; Mehrdad Sadeghi
Abstract
Analysis of the influencing components of Iran's national culture on Iran's regional power in West Asia is the aim of this research. customs and feelings that the people of a nation have learned from each other. The method of this research is content analysis with a quantitative approach based on questionnaires. ...
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Analysis of the influencing components of Iran's national culture on Iran's regional power in West Asia is the aim of this research. customs and feelings that the people of a nation have learned from each other. The method of this research is content analysis with a quantitative approach based on questionnaires. The statistical population consists of 200 elites in the field of national culture, including: professors of the University of Isfahan province and outside the province, cultural centers and strategic managers, which is randomly confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of a press line is available to the questioners. After collecting information through 2 descriptive statistics (demographics including age and sex, education) and inferential statistics (sample t-test, factor analysis, etc.), it has been analyzed through spss software.In response to the research questions about the overall impact of national culture on regional power, two components of territorial position and Iranian arrogance and pride have had an impact on regional power from the national dimension, but the rest of the components, customs, Iranian history and civilization. Ethnic and religious elements, hospitality, humanitarian aid and support for the oppressed and deprived have not been effective. In the religious and value aspect of all components, seeking martyrdom, supporting the liberation movements, defending the Islamic system and values, religious democracy model, provincialism, expectation and saviorism according to the identity status and religious relations and sharing with some neighbors over regional power
Javad Jamali; vahid sinaee; Mahdi najafzadeh; Seyed Mohammad Ali Taghavi
Abstract
The Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979), made purposeful efforts to modernize Iran by government and social forces. Researches that have been usually done in this regard have mainly emphasized on the role of the government and oil revenues in the development process. Although the role of government institutions ...
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The Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979), made purposeful efforts to modernize Iran by government and social forces. Researches that have been usually done in this regard have mainly emphasized on the role of the government and oil revenues in the development process. Although the role of government institutions cannot be denied, developmental social forces also played an important positive role in this process. The relationship between the government and social forces, and the role of this relationship in advancing modernization in the Pahlavi era is the main question of this article.we believe Pahlavi as a strong developmental state could attract the cooperation of social forces that supported development, especially the intellectuals, the new middle class and bureaucrats.and could curb the social forces who were against development, and succeeded in advancing development . But at the end of Pahlavi's life, the gap between these social forces and the government led to the fall of the government and the halting of the development process.The theoretical framework of this article was formed by the critical look to Leftwich Developmental State theory. The article’s data have also been collected and analyzed in a documentary-library form.
Mostafa Sarabi Torbat Heydarieh; Hamid Reza Mohammadi; Alireza Mehrabi
Abstract
Foreign policy is the use of political influence to persuade other countries to exercise their legislative power in the manner desired by the respective government. Geopolitics is a branch of geography and political science that deals with the planning of a country's security policy based on geographical ...
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Foreign policy is the use of political influence to persuade other countries to exercise their legislative power in the manner desired by the respective government. Geopolitics is a branch of geography and political science that deals with the planning of a country's security policy based on geographical factors. By analyzing these factors, geopolitics assesses the existing spheres of power and tries to relate a country's policy to them. Therefore, knowing these factors is essential in explaining the foreign policy of a country. In this article, with the analytical-descriptive method and the fuzzy Delphi technique, 11 academic and political elites have been selected in a snowball method to identify the fundamental geopolitical variables effective in foreign policy. The results of this research indicate that the geopolitical components affecting foreign policy are classified into two main categories, tangible and intangible. The tangible indicators are: (1) geographical location (2) population and manpower (3) natural resources (4) industrial and agricultural production capacity (5) military power. Intangible indicators are: (1) political, economic and social structure (2) educational and technical level (3) national spirit (4) international strategic position. Therefore, as long as there is politics in the world, geopolitics will remain an important consideration and influence in foreign policy.
Hojatalah Madadi; Morteza Abazari; Hossein Ahmadi
Abstract
Syria has been involved in a full-scale war since the beginning of 2013. Researchers and experts in political, social and military sciences have examined the different angles of this war. The current research has investigated the relationship between drought and the start of war in Syria using the theory ...
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Syria has been involved in a full-scale war since the beginning of 2013. Researchers and experts in political, social and military sciences have examined the different angles of this war. The current research has investigated the relationship between drought and the start of war in Syria using the theory of relative deprivation. The droughts between 2003 and 2009, which were rare in the history of Syria, severely affected the farmers and herdsmen in the provinces of Hasakah, Deir Ezzor and Raqqa, and unemployed people migrated to other provinces, especially Damascus, Daraa and Homs. and this issue increased livelihood problems such as high housing prices, increase in food prices and unemployment in different regions of Syria and provided grounds for dissatisfaction and unrest. The method used in this article is descriptive and analytical, and reliable internal and external library sources and internet databases have been used. The findings of this research indicate that the occurrence of successive droughts in Syria and Turkey's water policy in building dams on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the failure to properly manage this crisis by the Syrian government as a factor in the dissatisfaction of the Syrian people. It has been influential.
Yashar Zaki; Javad Gholami
Abstract
The essence and nature of geopolitics is inextricably linked with power. All countries compete with each other in multiple systems crystallized from geopolitical theories for survival and promotion in the hierarchical structure of power. China since 2013. And following the rapid economic growth, in order ...
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The essence and nature of geopolitics is inextricably linked with power. All countries compete with each other in multiple systems crystallized from geopolitical theories for survival and promotion in the hierarchical structure of power. China since 2013. And following the rapid economic growth, in order to strengthen his position in the new world order, he launched an initiative called "New Silk Road" or "Belt and Road Initiative" and in the years after that, with maximum effort, he pursued the conquest of this project in It is a universal rule. The joining of many countries to this plan, along with the growing power of China, has caused the concern of other world powers as well. Therefore, to compete with this project, the European Union proposed the "World Gate Plan" and is looking for its planning and implementation. This issue has caused the formation of a geopolitical competition at the international level. The current research with an analytical-explanatory nature by studying the documents of the mentioned plans along with other Persian and Latin sources with a qualitative research method seeks to investigate the geopolitical competition between the mentioned plans. The findings of the research show that the creators of these geopolitical plans with global networking and focusing on ports and seas and the energy issue seek to develop their values on a global scale. After examining the differences and commonalities of the projects and the challenges ahead, it was determined that "the strategic depth of the geopolitical competition of both projects is the African continent".
