rouhollah asadi; Hadiye Hasan Niya Badr Abad
Abstract
Today, NGOs have increasingly become important stakeholders alongside the government in development processes. With the increase of environmental problems in its various dimensions in Iran, environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have also expanded. This article tries to provide a relatively ...
Read More
Today, NGOs have increasingly become important stakeholders alongside the government in development processes. With the increase of environmental problems in its various dimensions in Iran, environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have also expanded. This article tries to provide a relatively comprehensive study of the problems of these institutions in the country with a descriptive-explanatory method and analyze the results with the theory of Riggs prismatic society. Data collection was by documentary and survey in the form of a questionnaire with seven dimensions and 45 items. The results show that the most problems in relation to the institutions are with the government and public institutions and then in legal, structural, and managerial dimensions. The results of factor analysis also showed that the mentioned dimensions explain the highest amount of variance of research variables. On the other hand, the mentioned problems have also created problems within the NGOs and the Binas of the NGOs who have not been able to take steps towards their goals as they should and have also become involved in their internal issues. Considering the three main features of Riggs' theory of primitive societies (heterogeneity, formalism, and functional interference) and the problems of environmental factors, it can be said that in countries with historical weakness of democratic indicators and simple and centralized political structure, NGOs are basically pleasing. There are no structures. Therefore, laws and regulations, as well as governmental and organizational structures do not provide much support for the formation, strengthening, and development of these organizations. On the other hand, when the legal structures do not have sufficient support for the activities of the institutions and there are no clear legal channels in the process of the activities of these institutions, the exercise of taste by individuals in government agencies increases.
Seyyed Javad Mousavi Zare; Seyyed Hadi Zarghani; Moustafa Amir Fakhriyan
Abstract
Soft power and its manifestation are among the topics that have found way into academic circles and policy-making with the help of Joseph Nye. Despite the widespread popularity of the concept, Nay's lack of precise theoretical explanation has led to many ambiguities about this form of power. So ...
Read More
Soft power and its manifestation are among the topics that have found way into academic circles and policy-making with the help of Joseph Nye. Despite the widespread popularity of the concept, Nay's lack of precise theoretical explanation has led to many ambiguities about this form of power. So that despite the abundance of literature, researchers still do not fully understand the theoretical nature of soft power That What exactly is soft power? And what elements is it made of? These are issues no valid answer for which has yet been found. Therefore, this research, relying on the data theory of the foundation and content analysis, seeks to analysis the elements affecting this power at the state-nation level. Based on this, the scientific findings of the research indicate that If the elements of soft power at least to the resources, tools, mentality of the actors, the behavior, effects, and movements of the actors under the exercise of power are limited. In a general contents, the concept of soft power at the state-nation level is : a process in which the stimuli (material and spiritual resources) of a country through attractive behavior and in the form of non-violent tools (types and forms of diplomacy) on people's minds (Elites and public ) influences and causes to effects, movements and behaviors, etc., in order to change the mentality and behavior of the target community towards the agenting country.
Mahmood Mobarakshahi; Mohammad reza Hafeznia; Rebaz Ghorbaninejad; Ebrahim Rumina
Abstract
The Explanaition of the Ontology Iraqi kurdestan Regional Government.AbstractMahmood Mobarakshahi. political Geography phD. Azad Islamic University Science and Research Branch. Tehran.Iran. m.mobarakshahi@gmail.comMohamad Reza Hafeznia. porfessor of political geography.Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran.Iran.hafezn_m@modares.ac.irRebaz ...
Read More
The Explanaition of the Ontology Iraqi kurdestan Regional Government.AbstractMahmood Mobarakshahi. political Geography phD. Azad Islamic University Science and Research Branch. Tehran.Iran. m.mobarakshahi@gmail.comMohamad Reza Hafeznia. porfessor of political geography.Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran.Iran.hafezn_m@modares.ac.irRebaz ghorbainejad.Assistant professor the Azad Islamic University.Science and Research Branch.Tehran.Iran.rebazghorbani@gmail.comEbrahim Romina. Assistant professor of the Tarbiat Modares University. Tehran .Iraneroomina@yahoo.comIt has been 29 years since the formation of the first regional government in part of the Kurdish regions of Iraq. The K.R.G have been studied from different angles; But so far from the ontological point of view, this politico-spatial structure has been studied. This research seeks to study and understand the ontology of this regional government in terms of "nature and essence" and "why and necessity".The research in this research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. the method of data collection is library, and a qualitative method has been used in data analysis. The results of this study show that the effective factors in explaining the ontology of the government of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq are several factors. The most important factor influencing the formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government has been the issue of regional identity. Identity-seeking was a precondition for the formation of the idea of ethnic nationalism and, consequently, the demand for the right to self-determination according to geographical and cultural differences between Kurdistan and other parts of Iraq.Keywords: ontology, regional governments, identity-seeking, ethnic nationalism, federalism, autonomy،Iraqi kurdistan
Ahmadreza yazdani; Parvaneh Zivyar; Bahman Kargar
Abstract
We tried to study this area by focusing on the cultural basis by evaluating the potentials, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region. Obviously, the study method in this qualitative article and its main tool is in-depth interview and data analysis using the SWOT model. To investigate the issue, ...
Read More
We tried to study this area by focusing on the cultural basis by evaluating the potentials, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region. Obviously, the study method in this qualitative article and its main tool is in-depth interview and data analysis using the SWOT model. To investigate the issue, strategies based on the principle of regeneration approach in historical contexts based on culture have been presented, which by applying these strategies and policies to upgrade and develop infrastructure and network of roads by defining and strengthening the tourism sidewalk and equipping and expanding public spaces. And helps to recreate urban spaces on the sidewalk of Lalehzar Street and help develop and provide urban services by modernizing or creating new uses, as well as modeling using valuable concepts and patterns in the historical-cultural context of this old street. Ultimately, the implementation of such strategies will enhance the presence and participation of residents and investors to recreate the culture of the base. The results of SWOT analysis showed that; Aggressive and competitive strategies occupied the largest area in the need for cultural regeneration of the region. This shows that the final strategic position of the region is more towards providing the infrastructure of revitalization in the form of improvements, renovation and reconstruction of cultural sites of the old texture and revival of the collective memory of the old Lalehzar.
mohammad reza hafeznia; Syrus Ahmadi Nohadani; Mehdi Noori roustayi
Abstract
Transit is a factor in the exchange and enhancement of national power in terms of bus crossing and despite its potentials and geographical parameters, it is far from the desired situation in this regard. In this research, by compiling information and data through library and field data including transit ...
Read More
Transit is a factor in the exchange and enhancement of national power in terms of bus crossing and despite its potentials and geographical parameters, it is far from the desired situation in this regard. In this research, by compiling information and data through library and field data including transit (petroleum and non-oil) transit through road, rail, air and sea as well as comparing Iran's performance with other transit routes, it examines Iran's transit status and Its role is focused on national income as well as national power. In this regard, a questionnaire has been designed which consists of 8 variables, each of which has been analyzed and evaluated using statistical methods and spss software. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of the country's transit position will have an important role in increasing the power of control as well as guaranteeing national security. It also generates jobs and increases incomes, which is a factor of economic prosperity. Consequently, given that each of the indices and parameters discussed contributes to the increase of national power, it can be concluded that Iran can increase its national power and improve its geopolitical status by using its transit position.
Ahmad Saie; Seyyed Abdul Rahim Ahmadi; Masoud Motalebi; Reza Kaviyani
Abstract
Relatively good geo-economic conditions, abundant oil and gas resources and abundant actual and potential comparative advantages of Khuzestan province, require this province to become one of the most developed regions of the country, but this has not been achieved so far. The present research tries to ...
Read More
Relatively good geo-economic conditions, abundant oil and gas resources and abundant actual and potential comparative advantages of Khuzestan province, require this province to become one of the most developed regions of the country, but this has not been achieved so far. The present research tries to investigate the issue. Although various components and factors can be involved and influential in the underdevelopment of this region, but the article hypothesis, wrong policies and decisions of the elites and the continuation of government rentier construction as important causes of underdevelopment in the province and emphasize it. he does. The purpose of this study is to analyze, explain and analyze the consequences of economic development policy of the ninth and tenth governments in Khuzestan province. The government's economic policies have been implemented for reasons such as not paying attention to the requirements of practical and economic rationality and paying too much attention to the requirements of political rationality, different from what was promised and expected. Findings show that due to the policy of the government, more than fifty percent of important industrial and production centers and units in Khuzestan province face serious and fundamental challenges such as; Stagnation, closure or forced cessation of the production process. These challenges led to a decline in development indicators and, consequently, to social anomalies and a waste of intergenerational capital and rights. The research method is a combination of descriptive-analytical type using the analysis of data collected by the library method and a survey of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews.
