Migration from Sistan and Baluchestan Province is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by environmental, economic, social, security, and welfare factors. The main question of this study is what role environmental factors play in shaping migration from Sistan and Baluchestan Province and how these factors interact with other factors influencing migration. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing migration from the province . A survey research method was employed, and data were collected through a multidimensional questionnaire from 195 migrants residing in three major migration destinations: Kerman, Golestan, and Mashhad. The factors influencing migration were examined in five categories: economic, environmental, social and security, welfare facilities and infrastructure, and family and personal factors. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationships among the factors, while the Mann–Whitney U test was employed to examine gender differences. The findings showed that economic factors, with a mean rank of 4.05, were the most important overall factor influencing migration, while environmental factors, with a mean rank of 4.00, ranked second. However, the importance of environmental factors varied across destinations, reaching its highest level among migrants in Kerman, with a mean rank of 4.24. Significant differences were also observed in the perception of environmental, social, and security factors by gender. Accordingly, environmental factors play an important role in shaping migration from the province and are closely intertwined with economic and welfare pressures. Migration therefore cannot be understood as the outcome of a single factor, but rather as the result of interactions among environmental pressures, socioeconomic conditions, policymaking, and resource governance capacities.