Esmeil Alamdar; mohammad reza hafeznia; zahra ahmadypour; Syrus Ahmadi Nohadani
Abstract
Geopolitical knowledge, as a branch of political geography, deals with the interrelationship between geography and politics in the light of the power component. One of the basic concepts of this knowledge is the concept of geopolitical interests, which have a special place in geopolitics and international ...
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Geopolitical knowledge, as a branch of political geography, deals with the interrelationship between geography and politics in the light of the power component. One of the basic concepts of this knowledge is the concept of geopolitical interests, which have a special place in geopolitics and international relations. has it. By identifying the influential components of this concept and the extent of their effectiveness, foreign relations between countries can be analyzed more accurately. This research is descriptive in nature and method and applied in terms of purpose. Data collection has been done through library and field studies. The validity of the questionnaire with CVR and its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha and data analysis were used by T-Test and Friedman test was used to prioritize the components. In order to examine the geopolitical interests of countries in detail in Foreign relations, these interests are divided into 8 components: political, geographical, geoeconomic, geoculture, geostrategic, ecological, cyberspace and scientific-technological. Findings showed that the study of variables of components of geopolitical interests in foreign relations with countries confirms that from the perspective of respondents in terms of frequency distribution tables of all variables with an average score of more than 3 are desirable. Also in testing the hypothesis of component variables The eight's were approved. The results show that the geographical components are in the first rank and the scientific and geoeconomic components are in the next ranks. On the other hand, the geocultural and ecological components are in the last ranks. This indicates that the value and geographical and territorial factors are at the forefront of the demands and tendencies of countries in foreign relations.
khadijeh Bouzarjomehri; Tahereh Sadeghloo; Amin Faal Jalali
Soroush Farshchin; Morteza Ghourchi
Abstract
A critical view of political geography critiques the spatial discourse theories of power for liberation. In the last two centuries, the philosophical view of domination of nature has determined the way of exploiting nature and, consequently, the exploitation of other human beings. By subjugating humans ...
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A critical view of political geography critiques the spatial discourse theories of power for liberation. In the last two centuries, the philosophical view of domination of nature has determined the way of exploiting nature and, consequently, the exploitation of other human beings. By subjugating humans life, the biopolitical discourse of governments can create the conditions for a situation called "Camps" and "Homo-Sacers." Although these two words have not been seen in environmental research in today's world, in Giorgio Agamben's point of view, as long as the living conditions of any society have similarities to his conception of the concept of Homo-Sacer and Camps, these words can be used to describe the region. The main question of this research is whether it is possible to generalize Agamben's theoretical view of the emerging of naked life in today's world, in a specific geographical environment, under the influence of the political-environmental discourses of the government? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and this article used and analyzed library information about Agamben's theories and political geographers influenced by him in the fields of "Biopolitics", Camps, "Naked Life" and Homo-Sacer. In the findings of this study, how to reproduce geographical spaces under the influence of spatial discourses of power in the natural environment by defining the terms Environmental Camp and Environmental Homo-Sacer is shown.
Hassan Noorali; Zahra Pishgahifard
Abstract
The global geopolitical order became fluid after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and we witnessed a shift in dimensions from geostrategy to economic and cultural dimensions in the last decades of the twentieth century. Meanwhile, Wallerstein's theory of geoculture and Huntington's ...
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The global geopolitical order became fluid after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and we witnessed a shift in dimensions from geostrategy to economic and cultural dimensions in the last decades of the twentieth century. Meanwhile, Wallerstein's theory of geoculture and Huntington's theory of the clash of civilizations did not work out well, so we are witnessing the formation of a "geopolinomics" order in the 21st century that was previously conceptualized by "Demko and Wood" and "kazi". Using their terminology, the authors present a new theory called the "geopolinomical structure of the world system" for the 21st century, which is based on the components of economics, politics and geography. The present article is of the type of fundamental and theoretical research and the information and raw materials of the analysis are obtained by the library method and by using scientific books and articles, as well as valid or reference websites.The results show that in the modern geopolinomical order, a fragile multipolar equilibrium has been formed with the axis of the four powers of the United States, China, Russia and India, and energy and ports, along with corridors and geotransit routes are geopolinomical components. These factors have given rise to the "geographical gravity of power rivalry" in Central Asian-Eurasia as the "ecumene" of the structure.
Majidreza Momeni; Mohammadreza Tavakkoli Marand
Abstract
Material and geopolitical factors always have been one of the most important factors affecting countries' political relations with energy, but in addition, the way one decision-maker (leader) understands the world, himself or another, is vital to understand why some decisions are made and others are ...
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Material and geopolitical factors always have been one of the most important factors affecting countries' political relations with energy, but in addition, the way one decision-maker (leader) understands the world, himself or another, is vital to understand why some decisions are made and others are excluded by them. This paper aims to consider the perceptions of leaders, especially the different conceptualization of Russia and EU member states (Germany and Poland) from each other, to understand the duality of conflict/cooperation in the energy sector. Using reliable documentary and internet resources and using deductive strategy and in the framework of neoclassical realism, this article explains the question of how leaders' perceptions have affected Russia-EU relations with geopolitic of energy after the Ukraine crisis and how has it shaped their relations? The hypothesis is that the perception of leaders has played an increasingly important role in the logic of conflict/cooperation in geopolitic of energy, and the other has reactivation of friend-foe in Russian-EU energy relations. In no other case is such a dichotomy as the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, clearer. In analyzing the subject, while the present study does not ignore the importance of material and geopolitical factors, it concludes the understanding and perception variable of leaders on both Russia and the European Union (Germany and Poland) as an important and fundamental variable in shaping their relationship with Nord Stream 2.
Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi; Majid Nejatpoor; leila kiani
Marzieh sadat Alvand; Mahdieh Heiydari
Abstract
From a geopolitical and geostrategic point of view, Iran and Saudi Arabia are competing with each other in increasing regions. This study seeks to analyze the geostrategic role of Iran in Saudi Arabia's extensive effort to strategically approach the largest emerging power in the international system. ...
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From a geopolitical and geostrategic point of view, Iran and Saudi Arabia are competing with each other in increasing regions. This study seeks to analyze the geostrategic role of Iran in Saudi Arabia's extensive effort to strategically approach the largest emerging power in the international system. The authors have tried to answer the question of what are the most important geostrategic threats of the regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran in establishing a strategic alliance between Saudi Arabia and the relations of the People's Republic of China by using explanatory methods and using library and internet information gathering tools? It seems that the increase in Iran's influence in the region after the conclusion of the UN Security Council and the change in the balance of power in regional crisis in its favor, has led to the formation of geostrategic threats in Saudi Arabia and its closer proximity to China. The findings of the study using the theory of defensive neo-realism show that Saudi Arabia with a pragmatic approach is trying to establish a strategic alliance with China to curb Iran's influence and reduce its activism in the region. However, the People's Republic of China, with its strategic patience in its foreign policy and the strategic importance of Iran and Saudi Arabia in its developing economy, seeks to maintain a bilateral balance in its relations with both actors.
Zaha Hajizadeh Ghochan Atigh; Siroos Ahmadi Nohadani; Abdolreza Farajirad; Hojat Mahkouii
Abstract
The need to interact with the global economy and realize development in the new world facilitates and accelerates national development. From 2021 to 2013, China launched a world-wide operation in the Silk Road Reconstruction Program, creating a win-win and ambitious environment in political, economic ...
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The need to interact with the global economy and realize development in the new world facilitates and accelerates national development. From 2021 to 2013, China launched a world-wide operation in the Silk Road Reconstruction Program, creating a win-win and ambitious environment in political, economic and security dimensions, with the Belt-Road Initiative. As one of the main pillars of power in the new structure of the international system, China is defining and consolidating its regional and global position. By implementing this plan, China seeks to achieve the following: increase the efficiency of internal borders, improve trade Between economic corridors, deepening trade agreements, improving access to the European market, increasing exports of products, expanding banking, financial and insurance cooperation, capital development in the field of tourism, etc.This article intends to use a descriptive-analytical method to explain and analyze the geopolitical plan of the Belt-Road Initiative between Iran and China and the great powers and to explain the effects and consequences of this plan on Iran. The information was obtained by referring to library resources, internet, interviews with experts and was explained and analyzed by content analysis method. Iran, as one of the important points in the Silk Road route and due to its special geopolitical position, has significant effects on the belt-road initiative and is affected by it. By joining the Belt-Road Initiative, Iran can turn its geographical location into a geopolitical opportunity
Rahmat Haji Mineh; Sayed Mostafa Hashemi; Mahdi Rouzegir Ghale Noie
Abstract
The waters of the South Sea of China are among the important international shipping lines and the artery of the world's sea routes.More than half of the world's trade and one-third of shipping is crossing the area. In recent years, the southern shore of the southern shore of China, especially the tin ...
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The waters of the South Sea of China are among the important international shipping lines and the artery of the world's sea routes.More than half of the world's trade and one-third of shipping is crossing the area. In recent years, the southern shore of the southern shore of China, especially the tin of Malacca and the Solo-Sulawesi Sea (the blue border of three Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines), has been very important for the economic and political development of the countries of the region due to its geographic and geo-economic status. However, maritime trade in this water zone has faced increasing challenges in the field of maritime security threats in recent years. The most important elements of maritime security in the region include piracy, maritime terrorism, human trafficking (one example of organized crime), illegal fishing and marine pollution caused by oil and gas fields at sea. In this area, maritime surveillance is also used as a tactic and source of income for groups associated with terrorist activities and extremism (the Abu Sayf terrorist group).... On the one hand, a significant part of the regional trade in ASEAN is carried out through this sea. The research question is, what is the international and regional legal structure dealing with theft and maritime terrorism? In response to this question, it has been shown that regional states and trans-regional powers display different behaviors. The present study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods.
