Nejat Mohammadifar; Ali Moradi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural components of the border residents and its role in sustainable security of Kermanshah border areas. According to the hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between the cultural components of the border residents and the sustainable security ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural components of the border residents and its role in sustainable security of Kermanshah border areas. According to the hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between the cultural components of the border residents and the sustainable security of the border areas. The present study was conducted by the method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts and specialists aware of the research topic. Snow ball method is the sampling method in the qualitative section, which reached a theoretical consensus with 30 elites and experts. A small part of the statistical population is included citizens of the border areas of Kermanshah province. According to initial estimates, the number of these people was 540. Semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires are used to collect data. The coding analysis method was used to identify and prioritize the cultural components and sustainable border security. Also, SPSS software was used in the quantitative part of the study. The results show that sustainable border security from the respondents' point of view has 19 semantic parts in six common categories, included "economic security", "social security", "political security", "environmental security", "military security" and "cultural security". On the other hand, the cultural dimensions of the border residents were the six dimensions of "participation and cooperation", "cultural cohesion", "two-way interaction", "insight and awareness", "ideology" and "chivalry". Correlation matrices between cultural categories and sustainable border security show that there is a significant and direct relationship between each of the components of this matrix. It can be said that the two categories of the core of sustainable border security and the six cultural components of border residents are interrelated; if a two-way interaction takes place between these components, social order will be formed in the borders and the border residents will witness a kind of sustainable security.
Ruholah Eslami; Farideh Amani keykanlo
Abstract
With the expansion of urbanization along with the growth of information technology and the development of communication networks, cities have become a center for the development of countries in a space of streams. In this space, cities enjoy sufficient power, influence and credibility to carry out diplomatic ...
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With the expansion of urbanization along with the growth of information technology and the development of communication networks, cities have become a center for the development of countries in a space of streams. In this space, cities enjoy sufficient power, influence and credibility to carry out diplomatic activities by improving their economic, political, technological, cultural and infrastructural status. They show a new form of diplomacy in their activities. Tourism should also be considered as one of the most important industries of sustainable development in any society that has high mobility in economic, political, social, urban and environmental changes. Focusing on different aspects of the tourism industry, together with the local and national management plans of each community can play a very important role in the international and national management processes of each community. The present study is based on a descriptive-analytical method in nature and analyzes the role of urban diplomacy in the development of tourism in North Khorasan province based on the SWOT analytical model. The question is what role does urban diplomacy play in attracting tourists in North Khorasan province? The hypothesis is that urban diplomacy has provided a new approach for infrastructure development and attracting tourists along with economic development, increasing communication, cultural and religious interactions in the province. The research findings show that North Khorasan province attracts many domestic and international tourists due to its numerous tourist attractions. Weaknesses and threats with the lack of basic transportation infrastructure to facilitate tourism and the lack of diversity in tourism facilities prevent the province's cooperation as a partner of urban network at the international level. Data analysis based on SWOT model shows that tourism and attracting tourists in the province has a high potential and covers its weak points to some extent. But the main problem, which is the lack of an extensive air, land, and rail network, still remains. it is required that the officials of the recreation centers and tourist complexes of the capital of the province and the cities should be suitably expanded the tourism facilities in order to improve the position of the province in the tourism industry. Especially urban diplomacy can help to improve strengths and reduce weaknesses.
Mohammad Raoof Heidari Far; Davood Mohseni Poor
Abstract
Development is a comprehensive process of economic, social, cultural and political activities that aims to continuously improve the lives of the entire population. The fair distribution of resources is one of the main pillars of development. Reducing spatial inequality and eliminating the economic and ...
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Development is a comprehensive process of economic, social, cultural and political activities that aims to continuously improve the lives of the entire population. The fair distribution of resources is one of the main pillars of development. Reducing spatial inequality and eliminating the economic and social dichotomy is considered as one of the main goals of development because the imbalance in development between different regions creates gaps and intensifies regional and spatial inequality, which is itself an obstacle to national development. Kermanshah province is not in favorable conditions in terms of the level of development, despite its much potential such as long border, centrality of the west, good climate and suitable soil and vegetation, surface and groundwater resources, abundant labor, rich civilization and historical, ancient monuments, tourist attractions, abundant natural and mineral resources and fossil resources. The main question of the research is why all the above potentials could not bring Kermanshah province to a standard level of development? What are the obstacles holding the province back from development and what is the solution to overcome them? Also, how much does each city in the province benefit from the amount of development and what is the relationship of underdevelopment with the distance from the center of the province? To answer the above questions, statistical and descriptive data and information were used and the obtained data was analyzed in Excel, SPSS and ARC GIS software based on statistical models and methods such as Spearman's correlation, hierarchical analysis model and Combined SWAT analysis, HD index. The results showed that the most important obstacle to the development of the province is the lack of budget allocation, the lack of infrastructural industries, and the lack of investment of the government and other non-governmental actors. The best strategy to deal with the existing conditions is the planning by the government and private sectors in order to revive closed and semi-closed factories, the planning for infrastructure facilities construction, allocating funds and attracting foreign investors.
Abdalsaheb Naderi; Reza Tajfar; Nasrin Khaniha
Abstract
Borders and especially the development of border settlements in each country are important in different dimensions and are considered as factors of durability and consistency of each country. This is important considering the geopolitical position and geoculture of Iran and especially despite the natural ...
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Borders and especially the development of border settlements in each country are important in different dimensions and are considered as factors of durability and consistency of each country. This is important considering the geopolitical position and geoculture of Iran and especially despite the natural resources in most border provinces. Increases the geo-economic and strategic importance of these regions and emphasizes the responsibility of the Iranian government and system to reflect more and more to pay attention to comprehensive development in these provinces. For example, we can mention the provinces of Kermanshah, Ilam, Khuzestan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, etc., which include a wide area from the west to the south of the country. Ilam province, which is one of the provinces with the highest fossil energy reserves in the country, is affected by its geographical position as a deprived, underdeveloped and underdeveloped province, while one of the ways out of this province from economic crises and Lack of development, management and use of fossil fuels. In this regard, the present study has investigated and evaluated the effectiveness of the use of fossil fuels in the development of cities in Ilam province using descriptive-analytical and applied methods. The results showed that in this field, Malekshahi city with 17.16%, Dehloran city with 74.12%, Sirvan city with 3.11% and Ilam and Ivan cities each with 8.10% are among the cities that The development of fossil fuels in their area and province can have the greatest impact on the development of these cities.Keywords: Fossil energy, Development, Border provinces, Iran, Ilam province.
Ahmad Bakhshi
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction
Security and development are among the most prominent issues and concerns of countries and political players. In this regard, economists believe that free trade among countries can act as the impelling force in both development and security. Nowadays, especially ...
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Extended abstract
Introduction
Security and development are among the most prominent issues and concerns of countries and political players. In this regard, economists believe that free trade among countries can act as the impelling force in both development and security. Nowadays, especially after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the disappearance of the bipolar system, the expansion of external trade in the globalized world bears an exclusive position, whereas the release of trade markets has turned into the globalization symbol. Indeed, the regional integration process was shifted and strengthened to meet the needs and objectives of the various groups and regions, and in the realm of activity, a significant number of regional economic organizations were formed and demonstrated during this period.
Signing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and turning it into the World Trade Organization indicates the role of free trade and causing dependency among the countries. The regional convergence trend changed its direction in order to provide for the needs and purposes of groups and different geographical areas. As it was strengthened, practically a considerable number of regional economic organizations were established during this era showing that the economic power has become an important constituent element within political power, and even the military power in the international scope. The supporters of convergence believe that the opportunity provided by trade for a poor country, with the purpose of making up for the internal shortages, overcomes the losses due to the small size of the internal markets, accelerating its economical level of learning. In this respect, countries have focused on the principle of tending to regions as a result of the principle regarding the neighborhood and similarity and with the target of reducing the damages of globalization. They assume this is in line with the principle of becoming powerful.
Method
This research survived the impact of trade rules and regional economic convergence through the case study of Southern African Development Community (SADC) with an analytical method combined with statistical data.
3 .Results and Discussion
Africa is one of the world's richest regions, despite all its problems and challenges. According to numerous experts, Africa's broad sources are essentially vital for production of regional trending and globalization. The countries of this continent, just like many of the developing countries are keen on reducing their damages to the minimum level; therefore, they have considered regional convergence as a major tool in economic progress, intending to find a solution for their main concerns which are development, welfare and safety. The SADC goals in the first decade were to focus on political and security issues. Accordingly, the main goal was to reduce South Africa's dependence through regional cooperation and development. In the 1990s, with the end of apartheid and South Africa's membership, the issue of economic development was prioritized by SADC. In line with its economic goals and policies, the organization signed the SADC Commercial Code in 1996 and implemented it in 2000. This set of programs was launched in 2003 to accelerate economic convergence including strengthening interregional trade through trade liberalization, strengthening economic development in member countries, self-sufficiency in resources and establishing a free trade area. The relative liberalization of the SADC region has accelerated in comparison with other regional organizations of the African continent. For example, in 2013 the global export rate was about 20%, while that figure for South Africa and the South African Customs Union was 30%. This figure shows trade liberalization towards the 1990s.
4.Conclusion
Trade liberalism in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in comparison with another regional organization in Africa had accelerated. For example, in 2013, the world export rate has been 20 percent, but this data in SADC Region shares was 30 percent. In other words, the trade trends from 1995 until now show the increase of SADC Region share in the world trade from 1.5 to 2.1. It must be noted that this development originated from the attempts of South Africa after apartheid and change of geopolitics of war into the geopolitics of peace.
