سیاست فشار حداکثری آمریکا و راهبرد مهارگریزی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ولی گل محمدی ¹
• امیرحسین وزیریان ²

¹ استادیار روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

² دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/pg.2021.69420.1031

چکیده

به موازات تحول در موازنه قدرت جهانی، نظم ژئوپلیتیکی خاورمیانه با گذار از عصر آمریکایی به  سمت یک وضعیت چندقطبی در حال تغییر است. وضعیتی که ناظر بر افول هژمونی ایالات متحده و ظهور قدرت­های منطقه­ای به منظور شکل دهی به نظم در حال ظهور خاورمیانه است. در این میان، ایران به عنوان یک دولت انقلابی و یک قدرت تجدیدنظر طلب، با اتخاذ راهبردهای نامتقارن سعی در به چالش کشیدن نظم بین­المللی لیبرال و تثبیت موقعیت خود به عنوان یک قدرت منطقه­ای نظم­ساز است. در نقطه مقابل، ایالات متحده با همراه ساختن متحدان بین­المللی و منطقه­ای خود و در قالب سیاست فشار حداکثری به دنبال تحمیل انزوای ژئوپلیتیکی، تغییر رژیم و تغییر موازنه قدرت منطقه­ای علیه ایران بوده است. با وجود این، راهبرد مهار آمریکا قادر به تضعیف ظرفیت­های کنشگری ایران در ژئوپلیتیک در حال تغییر منطقه­ای نبوده است. سوال اصلی این است که ایران با بهره گیری از چه استراتژی توانسته در مقابل فشار حداکثری ایالات متحده و متحدان منطقه ای آن به منظور تحمیل انزوای ژئوپلیتیکی، موقعیت و قدرت خود را حفظ کند؟ فرضیه این نوشتار این است که در مقابل فشارحداکثری ایالات متحده، جمهموری اسلامی ایران سیاست مهارگریزی را به عنوان راهبرد اصلی خود برگزیده است. این سیاست که از طریق "بازدارندگی نامتقارن" اعمال می شود در سه قالب بهره‌گیری از گروه های پروکسی، ارتقای توانمندی موشکی و بازدارندگی دریایی اعمال شده است. ذکر این نکته ضروری است که این پژوهش در قالب روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی فرضیه تحقیق خواهد پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فشار حداکثری
• مهارگریزی
• بازدارندگی نامتقارن
• آمریکا
• ایران

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