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طراحی چارچوب مفهومی بنیان‌های سازماندهی سیاسی فضا در مقیاس‌ جهانی

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استاد مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

عوامل و کنشگران در سطوح مختلف جغرافیایی دست به سازماندهی سیاسی فضا می­زنند. سازماندهی سیاسی فضا تنها اختصاص به سطح ملی ندارد، بلکه در هر سطح جغرافیایی با توجه به سطح قدرت و به میزانی که از ابزارهای مختلف متناسب با میزان حاکمیت و قدرت بهره­مند است، می­تواند اقدام به سازماندهی فضا نماید. دایره کنش نظام جهانی به عنوان کلان­ترین مقیاس جغرافیایی، سطح جهان را در بر می­گیرد. مسأله پژوهش این است که نظام جهانی چگونه و از طریق کدام مکانیزم­ها و فرآیندها در سطح جهانی باعث سازماندهی سیاسی فضا می­شود؟ روش تحقیق مقاله حاضر مبتنی بر روش کیفی و بر اصول داده­بنیاد استوار است. نظام جهانی از طریق عناصر ساختاری و غیر ساختاری موجب سازماندهی سیاسی فضا می­شود. قدرت، موتور محرکه نظام جهانی برای دستیابی به اهداف خود است. نظام جهانی از طریق افزایش و تقویت قدرت ساختاری نهادها و سازمان­ها را به وجود می­آورد. نهادها و سازمان­ها قوانین و هنجارهای مورد نیاز خود در سطح جهان را تولید می­کنند. تمام واحدهای سیاسی ملزم به رعایت قوانین و مقررات مطلوب نظام جهانی هستند و در صورت عدم تبعیت واحدهای سیاسی و کشورها از این قوانین با قدرت قهرآمیز قدرت­های جهانی روبه­رو می­شوند. قدرت­های جهانی تلاش می­کنند تا با برنامه­ریزی و نظم­ساختاری و غیرساختاری فضاهای ارتباطی را کنترل و فضاهای گفتمانی را تولید نمایند. این قدرت­ها از طریق گفتمان­سازی، هویت خود را از کشورهای که به زعم آنها مخل نظم جهانی هستند متمایز کرده و آنها را از طریق قدرت قهرآمیز و یا محروم­نمودن از فضاها و فرایندهای ارتباطی تنبیه نمایند. قدرت­های جهانی ضمن تولید گفتمان­ها از کشورهای مخالف نظام­جهانی گفتمان­زدایی می­کنند و با عنوان­های از قبیل کشورهای محور شررات سعی در بازنمایی این کشورها تحت­عنوان ضد فضاهای ارتباطی و گفتمانی دارند. در آخر قدرت­های جهانی به پشتوانه اقدامات زیربنایی خود از قبیل تاسیس نهادها و سازمان­ها به تولید فعالیت­های روبنایی خود از قبیل گفتمان­ها و هویت­ها می­پردازند و بدین طریق فعالیت­های خود را مشروع جلوه می­دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی
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