نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
دیوان کیفری بین المللی بهعنوان نخستین دادگاه دائمی بین المللی، به‌منظور ایجاد مسئولیت فردی برای تمام مرتکبین جرائم بین‌المللی و پایان‌دادن به مصونیت سران کـشورها از تعقیـب، در اول جولای 2002، تشکیل شد. مطابق اساسنامه و اهداف دیوان، صلاحیت آن باید بهصورت جهانشمولی و بدون تبعیض در خصوص جرائم ارتکابی توسط دولتهای عضو و اتباع آنها و نیز در موارد ارجاع شورای امنیت، اعمال شود. با این وجود، علیرغم ارتکاب جنایات بین المللی در اقصی نقاط مختلف دنیا، شاهد این هستیم که دیوان، تنها بر جنایات های ارتکابی در قاره آفریقا متمرکز شده است چرا که از دوازده وضعیت تحت رسیدگی در دیوان، ده وضعیت آن ناظر به قاره آفریقا است. همین موضوع انتقادهای زیادی را بهویژه از سوی سران دول آفریقایی متوجه دیوان کرده است بهگونه ای که حتی برخی از دیوان کیفری بین المللی بهعنوان دادگاه کیفری بین المللی آفریقایی یاد می کنند و دول آفریقایی معتقدند که قدرت دیوان به دلیل مسائل و رویکردهای ژئوپلیتیک که از دیرباز وجود داشته است، محدود به قاره آفریقا شده است و توانایی بررسی سایر جنایات ارتکابی در سایر قاره ها را ندارد. ازاینرو، دول آفریقایی تردیدهای جدی نسبت به استقلال و بیطرفی دیوان دارند و شائبه های مبنی بر سیاسی کاری دیوان مطرح کرده اند و ضمن تهدید به خروج از عضویت دیوان، از همکاری با دیوان نیز امتناع می ورزند. در این پژوهش از دیدهگاه ژئوپلیتیک این ادعاها و انتقادات تحلیل خواهد شد و دفاعیات له و علیه اقدامات دیوان مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرد.
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