نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
چکیده
یکی از رویکردهای بنیادین تحلیل اثرات دولت مدرن به مثابه نهاد سیاسی ادارۀ سرزمین در جغرافیای سیاسی انطباق کارکرد آن با مکاتب روش شناختی می باشد. چرا که لحاظ نمودن اثر دولت در تولید فضا در هر کدام از مکاتب روش شناسی دارای تبعات کارکردی متمایزی خواهد بود. در این راستا کوشش گردیده با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با تطبیق مفهوم و کارکرد دولت با رویکرد اثبات گرا؛ نظرگاه نوینی در رابطه با کارکردهای دولت در جغرافیای سیاسی اثبات گرا و در پرتو عملکرد سرمایه داری ارائه گردد. یافته های تحقیق بیان گر آن است که ساخت سیاسی مقیاس ملی در چارچوب مفهوم کشور و مقیاس فراملی مشتمل بر قلمرو فراکشوری الگوهای متفاوتی از کارکردشناسی دولت را در چارچوب روش شناسی اثبات گرا بدست می دهد. بطوری که در مقیاس ملی و در محدودۀ سرزمینی؛ تنها وظیفه دولت حفاظت از حقوق فردی، تضمین امنیت و آزادی شهروندان، دفاع از تمامیت ارضی کشور و ارائه برخی خدمات کارگزاری آن هم با تضمین رقابت کامل می باشد. در این چارچوب، فضای جغرافیایی بیرون از سیاست به رسمیت شناخته شده و تلاش برای برنامه ریزی فضایی برگرفته از خواست جامعه مدنی مفروض انگاشته می شود. در مقیاس فراملی نیز رابطه حاکمیت و فضا منبعث از نوعی رفتار قلمروخواهانه می باشد که میان کشورها و بازیگران سیاسی وجود دارد و سازندۀ مفاهیم و نظریات ژئوپلیتیک می باشد.
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