با همکاری انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران.

2 استاد علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران

3 دانشیار علوم سیاسی و روابط بین االملل دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران.

چکیده

ساختار ژئوپلیتیکی اوراسیای بزرگ[1] بعد از فروپاشی شوروی؛ روسیه، چین، آمریکا و اتحادیه اروپا را مجبور به رقابت بر سر اوکراین و دریای جنوبی چین کرده است. از چشم­انداز مسکو و پکن، گسترش آمریکا، ناتو و اتحادیه اروپا به شرق با هدف تحدید نفوذ منطقه­ای روسیه و چین طرح­ریزی شده بود. براین اساس، اوکراین و دریای جنوبی چین نیز به حوزه­ای برای کشمکش میان روسیه، چین و بازیگران غربی بر سر نفوذ منطقه­ای و حتی عاملی برای اختلاف میان آمریکا و اتحادیه اروپا منجر شد که این مسأله بستر تشدید تنش­ها و افزایش بى­ثباتى در منطقه اوراسیای بزرگ را فراهم کرده است. با بیان این مقدمه، مولفین سوال اصلیود را این چنین مطرح می­کننـد که تنش و اختلافات ژئوپلیتیکی بین آمریکا، اتحادیه اروپا و روسیه در قبال بحران اوکراین و اختلافات آمریکا با چین در دریای جنوبی چین و عدم همراهی اتحادیه اروپا با هژمون چه تاثیری بر روابط چندجانبه میان این چند کشور  در بحران­های اخیر داشته است؟ فرضیه مقاله این­گونه مطرح می­شود که اختلافات و تنش­های میان اتحادیه اروپا، آمریکا، روسیه و سرپیچی از خواسته­های هژمون در بحران اوکراین، تشدید اختلافات آمریکا، چین و همکاری­های سیاسی، اقتصادی اتحادیه اروپا با دو کشور روسیه و چین ضمن تضعیف روابط امنیتی اتحادیه اروپا با آمریکا، زمینه را برای گذار از نظام تک­قطبی به نظام چند­قطبی فراهم نموده ­است.

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