نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه اصفهان
چکیده
یمن کشوری کهن است که از تاریخ حکومتی طولانی برخوردار است. این کشور از دیرباز درگیر تلاطمات و بحران‌های زیادی بوده و جنگهای بسیاری را با رومیان، حبشیها، ایرانیان، ترکان عثمانی، پرتغالیها، انگلیسیها، مصریها، عربستانیها و... از سر گذرانده است. بویژه در قرن بیستم تحولات سیاسی زیادی نظیر جنگهای گوناگون، استقلال، دوپاره شدن، اتحاد، جنگهای داخلی و... در این کشور به وقوع پیوسته است که دامنه آنها تا به امروز نیز ادامه دارد. بررسی چرایی بحران خیزبودن این کشور مستلزم شناخت زمینه ها و عوامل زمینه ساز است. عوامل جغرافیایی از عوامل ریشه‌ای، پایدار و زمینه سازی هستند که لازم است مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی به دنبال بررسی و تحلیل و ریشه یابی بحران این کشور از دیدگاه ژئوپلیتیک میباشد و برای این منظور عوامل جغرافیایی مؤثر را به طور عمده در قالب پنچ گروه طبیعی، انسانی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و استراتژیک مورد بررسی قرار داده است. یافته های پژوهش نشان میدهد که عوامل جغرافیایی بویژه عوامل فوق الذکر، نقش زمینه سازی در بحران یمن را دارند و نیروها و قدرت‌های سطوح داخلی و ملی، منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای نیز با ابتنا به این عوامل در بحران این کشور نقش آفرینی میکنند و ماهیت پایدار و ریشه دار بودن عوامل جغرافیایی نیز دلیل تداوم و مزمن بودن بحران یمن میباشد.
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