mostafa ghaderihajat; Majid Diyari Salih; Ziyad Ahmed Abdullah
Abstract
The convergence of ethnic-religious groups is a different issue in the field of strengthening relations between countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq are two countries that have a significant population of Shiites in the world. In Iran, Shiites have succeeded in building a ...
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The convergence of ethnic-religious groups is a different issue in the field of strengthening relations between countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq are two countries that have a significant population of Shiites in the world. In Iran, Shiites have succeeded in building a system, and in Iraq, since 2003, they have played an important role in the structure of the Iraqi system. Since Shiites and Shiite ideology play an influential role in the two political systems, understanding the factors of convergence and divergence is an issue worthy of attention in the relations between the two societies. Using descriptive and analytical methods, using Delphi and AHP methods while using library data and field findings, this article seeks to answer the question of what factors cause the convergence and divergence of Shiites in Iran and Iraq. The findings show that the common culture based on Shiite beliefs, including the issue of honoring the Supremes, in addition to major political interests, such as the importance of maintaining the power of Shiite parties and currents in the political and economic structure of Iraq, such as trade, the reconstruction of Iraq, and crystallized security in dealing with the common threats of factors They are considered to be the main convergence of the Shiites of Iran and Iraq. In contrast, factors such as the internal equations of the two countries, including the internal rivalries of the Shiite parties in Iraq and the existence of Western and Eastern trends in Iran, as well as the influence of foreign actors, are considered the main factors of the divergence of the Shiites of Iran and Iraq. Although in the current situation, the weight of convergent factors is more than divergent factors, this superiority is fragile and can lead to divergence.
Hadi Veicy
Abstract
The world of Islam with a historical brilliant civilization in the framework of a unified Islamic state has suffered fragmentation and nationalism due to the collapse of the caliphate system in the face of modernity and the nation state system in the contemporary period. In the last century, some reformers ...
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The world of Islam with a historical brilliant civilization in the framework of a unified Islamic state has suffered fragmentation and nationalism due to the collapse of the caliphate system in the face of modernity and the nation state system in the contemporary period. In the last century, some reformers and Islamic political activists, influenced by the early history of Islam and the Qur'an teachings of the “United Ummah” or "Islamic Ummah", have proposed the unity and solidarity of the world of Islam to rebuild and revitalize Islamic civilization and to confront the dominating Western powers. Although many efforts have been made, so far no tangible achievements of unity and convergence have been observed in the world of Islam. Therefore, the main question is what are the main problem and root causes of lack of convergence and domination of divergent forces over convergent elements in the world of Islam and why the idea of Islamic unity has been failed. This research has attempted to explain the roots and fundamental causes of divergence in the world of Islam. The results show that the conceptual ambiguity of the world of Islam, economic non-complementation of Islamic countries, dependence on the world outside of world of Islam and competition and ideological contradictions of regional powers in the world of Islam have caused divergent Islamic countries.
