Marjan Badiee Azandahi; Zahra pishgahifard; Vahid Najafi Nakhjuanlu
Abstract
Today, the new concept of national security includes multiple hard and soft internal and external components, compared to its classic concept. Each of these components of national geography are considered as the main constructive and stable factors of the national security of each country; which can ...
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Today, the new concept of national security includes multiple hard and soft internal and external components, compared to its classic concept. Each of these components of national geography are considered as the main constructive and stable factors of the national security of each country; which can provide stability and peace and vice versa they can turn to the instability and security challenges for a country. Water security is a function of the interdependence of different security areas within the national geography of a country, which is spread within a network of socio-economic and political forces at different spatial scales. This network includes natural security resources (water, energy, weather, food) and security of social groups (individual, society and nation). The purpose of this article is not only to find a solution for how to secure the internal waters of Iran; but also the effects of inland water securitization on Iran's national security have been noted. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and in terms of library and documentary information collection method. This article employs a descriptive-analytical research approach and relies on library resources for gathering information. The findings show the intertwining of the external phenomena such as the temperature increasing of the earth during the last two decades, the change in the precipitation pattern, and the internal phenomena such as the weak management of water resources, the decrease in the amount of rainfall, the drop in the level of underground water and the illegal drilling of wells during four decades not only has caused critical situation, but also it has caused social protests in the provinces of the Zagros region, the central and the southwest region, in such a way that the water challenge in the country has caused challenges for national security of Iran.
Hassan Noorali; Zahra Pishgahifard
Abstract
The global geopolitical order became fluid after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and we witnessed a shift in dimensions from geostrategy to economic and cultural dimensions in the last decades of the twentieth century. Meanwhile, Wallerstein's theory of geoculture and Huntington's ...
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The global geopolitical order became fluid after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and we witnessed a shift in dimensions from geostrategy to economic and cultural dimensions in the last decades of the twentieth century. Meanwhile, Wallerstein's theory of geoculture and Huntington's theory of the clash of civilizations did not work out well, so we are witnessing the formation of a "geopolinomics" order in the 21st century that was previously conceptualized by "Demko and Wood" and "kazi". Using their terminology, the authors present a new theory called the "geopolinomical structure of the world system" for the 21st century, which is based on the components of economics, politics and geography. The present article is of the type of fundamental and theoretical research and the information and raw materials of the analysis are obtained by the library method and by using scientific books and articles, as well as valid or reference websites.The results show that in the modern geopolinomical order, a fragile multipolar equilibrium has been formed with the axis of the four powers of the United States, China, Russia and India, and energy and ports, along with corridors and geotransit routes are geopolinomical components. These factors have given rise to the "geographical gravity of power rivalry" in Central Asian-Eurasia as the "ecumene" of the structure.
