با همکاری انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم وتحقیقات

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - واحد رشت

4 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

چکیده

دریای خزر، از بزرگ‌ترین و غنی‌ترین فضاهای آبی بسته جهان است و با دارا بودن موقعیت جغرافیایی خاص خود، از نظر تأثیرات آب و هوایی، حمل و نقل دریایی، توسعه و برنامه‌ریزی صنعت توریسم، صنایع وابسته به شیلات و کشاورزی و دارا بودن منابع مهم نفتی برای پنج کشور ساحلی‌اش دارای اهمیت به سزایی است. این دریا، از یک‌سو به دلیل وجود منابع نفت و گاز که بدون ملاحظات زیست ‌محیطی توسط کشورهای حاشیه‌ای مورد اکتشاف، استخراج و بهره‌برداری قرار می‌گیرد و موجب آلودگی محیط می‌شود و از سوی دیگر به دلیل بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه از منابع زنده و ورود آلاینده‌ها از مراکز صنعتی، پساب‌های کشاورزی و شهری به محیط بسته آن، با بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی روزافزونی روبه‌رو شده است. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی به تحلیل بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی این حوزه پرداخته و تأثیر این بحران‌ها بر منافع ملی جمهوذی اسلامی ایران را مورد ارزیابی قرار داده است.
نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می دهد که منافع ملی ایران تحت تاثیر کنشهای اقتصادی و برداشت های بی رویه از منابع زنده و فسیلی، و ورود آلاینده های متعدد از کشورهای پیرامونی ابن دریا قرار گرفته است. بر اساس خروجی مدل تحلیلی بکار رفته در این تحقیق، جهت مقابله با چالش های پیش رو اتخاذ استراتژی محافظه کارانه در سطح ملی، و شکل گیری یک سازمان منطقه ای محیط زیست پایه با محوریت ایران می تواند حائز اهمیت باشد.

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