Ehsan Mozdkhah; somaye hamidi
Abstract
In recent years, Geopolitics has undergone changes and transformations with the expansion of the fourth industrial revolution and the growth of technological trends such as artificial intelligence as a sensitive international issue. Basically, getting defamiliarization with the scientific bases of foreign ...
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In recent years, Geopolitics has undergone changes and transformations with the expansion of the fourth industrial revolution and the growth of technological trends such as artificial intelligence as a sensitive international issue. Basically, getting defamiliarization with the scientific bases of foreign policy and international relations in classical readings and narratives of the problem of division and the problem of fluidity in this field with an emphasis on trends such as artificial intelligence and big data has led to change the geopolitics to extra-geopolitics. These developments and new arrangements are a platform for changing international competitions. Assuming the geopolitical competition of governments in the form of artificial intelligence and using descriptive-analytical methods, this article seeks to answer this question, how Geopolitics has been transformed by artificial intelligence and big data. The findings of the research show that artificial intelligence has led to the redesign of geopolitics in the age of big data and algorithmic competitions.
Mostafa ghaderi hajat; Mohammad Javad Ghahramani; Yazdani Khorasgani Ebrahim
Abstract
The rise of China as a major power in the international system has led it to act relatively differently in its foreign policy than in the past. China's most important behavior can be expressed in the form of the Belt and Road initiative. This initiative helped China to avoid Slowly avoid facing ...
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The rise of China as a major power in the international system has led it to act relatively differently in its foreign policy than in the past. China's most important behavior can be expressed in the form of the Belt and Road initiative. This initiative helped China to avoid Slowly avoid facing the United States in East Asia and also boosted Beijing's growth. The Belt and Road initiative includes a number of projects, mainly leading to a greater focus of Beijing on the country's western geographical areas. Pakistan, located on the shores of the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea, has a critical role in China's new foreign policies due to its geographical location. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, launched in 2015, clearly demonstrates the importance and position of Pakistan and the growing relationship between the two countries. This article seeks to examine the role of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor from the perspective of China's new position in the international system through analytical-explanatory methods and relying on library resources. The results show that the most important benefits of the corridor for China, which can advance China's foreign policy in the current context of the international system, can be expressed in terms of the role of the economic corridor as a clear symbol of cross-border presence. China stressed the need to play the role of a major world power, gain economic benefits and strengthen China's sphere of influence from geo-economics to geostrategic, help alleviate China's security concerns, and ultimately advance China's new economic model.
Mohsen Khalili
Jahangir Heydari
Abstract
Extended Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Geopolitical genome is the potential of a country. As the genomics is the study of hundreds or perhaps thousands of simultaneous genetic reactions for identifying the main causes of disease and understanding the mechanism of an organism, the activation and extinguishing ...
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Extended Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Geopolitical genome is the potential of a country. As the genomics is the study of hundreds or perhaps thousands of simultaneous genetic reactions for identifying the main causes of disease and understanding the mechanism of an organism, the activation and extinguishing of the geopolitical genomes are those adopted policies based on the geographical and human potentials of the countries which is activated or extinguished through the above mentioned factors. The study of the geopolitical genomes and controlling the type and quality of their activity guaranty the country and prevent it from the influence and power of other states. By identifying the geopolitical genomes, the activity of those genomes which are going to become geopolitical codes to the rival countries can be stopped. In line with the development of the influences and geopolitical boundaries of the country, the genomes can also become the sources of power.
Turkmenistan, in terms of political development, has not developed. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the motive of the great powers for influence increased. In addition to the traditional influence of Russia in the region, and activities of America and the European countries’ after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early years, China has taken an active economic policy in Central Asia. This country has had geopolitical behavior beyond its political geography in field off origin policy.
Turkmenistan has had huge geopolitical problems, but, in terms of foreign policies it has managed to demonstrate actions beyond its reality in and out of the region. When Bordi Mohamd of took the office, the first important step to achieve was to increase foreign investments. In this article, it was attempted to study there as on and qualities of foreign policy actions of Turkmenistan, based on the principle of conceptual geopolitical genome ,since, it seems that, the changes in the country’s geopolitical capacities has paved the way for the Turkmen’s world wide acceptance.
Geopolitical genome of a country is seen as the geopolitical codes by the rival countries which systematizes the programs of a country's foreign policy against the target country. That is, a country organizes its foreign policies based on its genome map. Moreover, the rival country tries to undo the target country's foreign policy according to geopolitical codes available in that country. Countries, based on their unique geopolitical genomes, have a political character and are a range of in fluential capabilities in the foreign policy. In order to meet the challenges raised from the county’s human and geopolitical issues, adopting strategies to neutralize or extinguish them is essential.
Geopolitical code is the foreign policy operational agenda of a country that evaluates the geographical places out of the borders. Geopolitical codes are specific to each country, and countries try to influence and target the other countries’ geopolitical codes to achieve their goals and interests. A county’s genome map is considered as geopolitical codes by the rival countries and leads the mental programs of a country’s foreign policy towards the target country.
2. METHODOLOGY
The research methodology was descriptive-analytic. Therefore, after an extensive literature review and data processing, in this study the genome of geopolitics and geopolitical code were first described. Then, the dual approach indices of geopolitical genome activation, factors affecting the activation/extinguishment of geopolitics genome, geopolitical and the confrontation of geopolitical codes/genomes and dual behavior (geopolitical/geo-pacific) in the study were designed. Corresponding to the designed factors, the effective factors in the activation of geopolitical genomes in the Turkmenistan’s foreign policy were extracted.
3. DISCUSSION
Turkmenistan's position in Central Asia is of crucial importance. It has enormous sunder ground as resources and is the gateway to Central Asian countries. Turkmenistan is also the region’s channel of communication with the out side world, and has the capabilities of geo-cultural and economic potential. Turkmenistan, through the activation of energy transfer routing, neutralizing the challenge of the lack of access to oceans, and developing strategies to decrease the challenges in the region has been able to demonstrate, in the foreign policies, actions beyond its real being, regionally and infra-regionally.
In proceed we show the extinguishment and awakening of advantageous and power-maker genomes of the Turkmenistan’s foreign policy.
The advantageous geopolitical genomes
Fundamental restriction and monopolizing the gas transport by Russia
Cumbersome tax rules for foreign company activities
Being limited to land and the Russia's monopoly of gas lines
Economic package system
Isolation of foreign policy
The strategies of geopolitical extinguishing genomes advantageous
The diversification of gas export options
Foreign exchange and encouraging foreign investment
Activating the routing of energy transport
Economic Development (oil and gas, agriculture, textile and private sector)
The end of self- imposed isolation policies and active participation in international community
Also in proceed we show awakening the empowering genome of foreign policy
The strategies of activating the potential strengthening genomes
-Activating cultural symbols celebrating celebrities and historical events-Finding a position in the international economy
-Making peace with neighbors and attracting regional actors extending roads with neighbors
-Declaring the neutral policy at the international level with stabilizing the internal conditions
-Increasing negotiation internationally
Employing potential genome
Cultural background
Lack of religious and ethnic diversity
The better location compared with other republics in central Asia
The vacuum power in the region.
4.CONCLUSION
Thus, using the plans of Bordi Mohamad, the previous policies were put aside and the conditions were prepared for activating power-maker genomes. Turkmenistan policy makers started to identify economical and geo-cultural potentials, geo-strategic conditions and positions, and hydro-political challenges. In the next step, the activation policy of proper genomes for each sector was adopted. Taking advantage of oil and gas resources led to the activation of finding an international genome in the economic policy and energy transferring routing. In geo-culture, the symbolization genome and cultural symbolism were activated to strengthen the national identity and recognize the historical realities. To extinguish the critical situation of water The strategy of cooperation with Iran and Afghanistan was posed as an agenda , Regarding the geostrategic situation of Turkmenistan as agate way for entrance to central Asia ] , its proximity to Iran , its short distance with Russia also tendency of America to penetrate in this region , adopting an neutral was effective .
One of the other challenges of Turkmenistan is lack of access to free waters that has been overcome through activating some genomes such as the railway link with Iran and Uzbekistan, attracting foreign economic investments, and enhancing border markets and free trade zones.
